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Enhancing the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 (GCN) via La–ZnO nanocomposite (Z-scheme mechanism) against toxic pharmaceutical pollutant

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Abstract

Highly effective Z-scheme La–ZnO/GCN nanocomposite (LZG) were synthesized via hydrothermal and ultrasonication methods. The prepared samples were further analyzed through varies techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–visible spectroscopy. XRD confirms the non-detection of secondary phase formation and decrementing pattern of crystallite size confirm La ions presence in host lattice. Presence of La–ZnO nanorods on nanosheets of GCN are well observed from the HRSEM analysis. Enhancement in pollutant degradation was accredited due to higher charge transfer property observed from EIS (Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). First-order Langmuir–Hinshelwood relation reveals about the higher rate of reaction (0.01796 × 10–2 min−1), around 84% of TC pollutant degradation by 10-10LZG nanocomposite within the time span of 80 min. The current research supports a novel design of nanocomposite with an electron trapper for hindering charge recombination process and enhancing the degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants.

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Acknowledgments

Authors thankfully acknowledge the SRM Institute of science and technology (SRM IST), Department of Physics and Nanotechnology for the constant support to carry out this research work. Authors also gratefully acknowledge the Nanotechnology Research Center (NRC) for characterization facility.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Functional Materials and Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India

    R. Roshan Chandrapal, J. Raveena, G. Bakiyaraj, J. Archana & M. Navaneethan

  2. Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India

    R. Roshan Chandrapal, J. Raveena, G. Bakiyaraj, V. Ganesh, J. Archana & M. Navaneethan

  3. Department of Engineering Physics, College of Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

    S. Bharathkumar

  4. Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India

    M. Navaneethan

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RRC: conceptualization; investigation; methodology; software; writing-original draft. JR: methodology; data curation; software; GB: conceptualization; supervision; validation; visualization; writing-review & editing. SB: conceptualization; methodology; data curation; software; validation. VG: methodology; validation; data curation. JA: validation; data curation. MN: data curation; validation; resources. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Chandrapal, R.R., Raveena, J., Bakiyaraj, G. et al. Enhancing the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 (GCN) via La–ZnO nanocomposite (Z-scheme mechanism) against toxic pharmaceutical pollutant. Journal of Materials Research 38, 3585–3601 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-023-01087-6

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