Ballard C, Gauthier S, Corbett A, Brayne C, Aarsland D, Jones E. Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 2011;377(9770):1019–31.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ferreira D, Perestelo-Perez L, Westman E, Wahlund LO, Sarria A, Serrano-Aguilar P. Meta-review of CSF Core biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: the state-of-the-art after the new revised diagnostic criteria. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014;6:47.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
IDd A, FHdEdM G, Forlenza OV, UdS P, HLd B, et al. Alzheimer disease: correlation between memory and autonomy. Rev psiquiatr clín. 2005;32(3):131–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Shinohara M, Sato N, Shimamura M, Kurinami H, Hamasaki T, Chatterjee A, et al. Possible modification of Alzheimer's disease by statins in midlife: interactions with genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014;6:71.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cortes-Canteli M, Paul J, Norris EH, Bronstein R, Ahn HJ, Zamolodchikov D, et al. Fibrinogen and beta-amyloid association alters thrombosis and fibrinolysis: a possible contributing factor to Alzheimer's disease. Neuron. 2010;66(5):695–709.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bateman RJ, Xiong C, Benzinger TLS, Fagan AM, Goate A, Fox NC, Marcus DS, Cairns NJ, Xie X, Blazey TM, Holtzman DM, Santacruz A, Buckles V, Oliver A, Moulder K, Aisen PS, Ghetti B, Klunk WE, McDade E, Martins RN, Masters CL, Mayeux R, Ringman JM, Rossor MN, Schofield PR, Sperling RA, Salloway S, Morris JC. Clinical and Biomarker Changes in Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:795–804.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Murray ME, Graff-Radford NR, Ross OA, Petersen RC, Duara R, Dickson DW. Neuropathologically defined subtypes of Alzheimer's disease with distinct clinical characteristics: a retrospective study. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10(9):785–96.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
de Souza LC, Sarazin M, Teixeira-Junior AL, Caramelli P, Santos AE, Dubois B. Biological markers of Alzheimer's disease. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2014;72(3):227–31.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kling MA, Trojanowski JQ, Wolk DA, Lee VM, Arnold SE. Vascular disease and dementias: paradigm shifts to drive research in new directions. Alzheimers Dement. 2013;9(1):76–92.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kang S, Lee YH, Lee JE. Metabolism-centric overview of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Yonsei Med J. 2017;58(3):479–88.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mucke L. Neuroscience: Alzheimer's disease. Nature. 2009;461:895–7.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hardy J, Selkoe DJ. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics. Science. 2002;297(5580):353–6.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Querfurth HW, LaFerla FM. Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(4):329–44.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Muller UC, Deller T, Korte M. Not just amyloid: physiological functions of the amyloid precursor protein family. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017;18(5):281–98.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Doran E, Keator D, Head E, Phelan MJ, Kim R, Totoiu M, et al. Down syndrome, partial trisomy 21, and absence of Alzheimer's disease: the role of APP. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;56(2):459–70.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gupta A, Goyal R. Amyloid beta plaque: a culprit for neurodegeneration. Acta Neurol Belg. 2016;116(4):445–50.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhang YW, Thompson R, Zhang H, Xu H. APP processing in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Brain. 2011;4:3.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zhang H, Ma Q, Zhang YW, Xu H. Proteolytic processing of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid precursor protein. J Neurochem. 2012;120(Suppl 1):9–21.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Martorana A, Di Lorenzo F, Belli L, Sancesario G, Toniolo S, Sallustio F, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid Abeta42 levels: when physiological become pathological state. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2015;21(12):921–5.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Naslund J, Haroutunian V, Mohs R, Davis KL, Davies P, Greengard P, et al. Correlation between elevated levels of amyloid beta-peptide in the brain and cognitive decline. Jama. 2000;283(12):1571–7.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grimmer T, Riemenschneider M, Forstl H, Henriksen G, Klunk WE, Mathis CA, et al. Beta amyloid in Alzheimer's disease: increased deposition in brain is reflected in reduced concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. Biol Psychiatry. 2009;65(11):927–34.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tapiola T, Alafuzoff I, Herukka SK, Parkkinen L, Hartikainen P, Soininen H, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid {beta}-amyloid 42 and tau proteins as biomarkers of Alzheimer-type pathologic changes in the brain. Arch Neurol. 2009;66(3):382–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blennow K, Hampel H. CSF markers for incipient Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2003;2(10):605–13.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee SJ, Nam E, Lee HJ, Savelieff MG, Lim MH. Towards an understanding of amyloid-beta oligomers: characterization, toxicity mechanisms, and inhibitors. Chem Soc Rev. 2017;46(2):310–23.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blurton-Jones M, Laferla FM. Pathways by which Abeta facilitates tau pathology. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2006;3(5):437–48.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kovacs GG. Invited review: neuropathology of tauopathies: principles and practice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2015;41(1):3–23.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Khan SS, Bloom GS. Tau: the Center of a Signaling Nexus in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci. 2016;10:31.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nelson PT, Alafuzoff I, Bigio EH, Bouras C, Braak H, Cairns NJ, et al. Correlation of Alzheimer disease neuropathologic changes with cognitive status: a review of the literature. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2012;71(5):362–81.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mendez MF. Early-onset Alzheimer disease. Neurol Clin. 2017;35(2):263–81.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Giri M, Zhang M, Lu Y. Genes associated with Alzheimer's disease: an overview and current status. Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:665–81.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cacace R, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C. Molecular genetics of early-onset Alzheimer's disease revisited. Alzheimers Dement. 2016;12(6):733–48.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Calero M, Gómez-Ramos A, Calero O, Soriano E, Avila J, Medina M. Additional mechanisms conferring genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015;9:138.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bekris LM, Yu CE, Bird TD, Tsuang DW. Genetics of Alzheimer disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2010;23(4):213–27.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Campion D, Dumanchin C, Hannequin D, Dubois B, Belliard S, Puel M, et al. Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: prevalence, genetic heterogeneity, and mutation spectrum. Am J Hum Genet. 1999;65:664–70.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Corbo RM, Scacchi R. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) allele distribution in the world. Is APOE*4 a ‘thrifty’ allele? Ann Hum Genet. 1999;63(Pt 4):301–10.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Karch CM, Goate AM. Alzheimer's disease risk genes and mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;77(1):43–51.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mahley RW. Apolipoprotein E: from cardiovascular disease to neurodegenerative disorders. J Mol Med (Berl). 2016;94:739–46.
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Kim J, Basak JM, Holtzman DM. The role of apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuron. 2009;63(3):287–303.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hauser PS, Narayanaswami V, Ryan RO. Apolipoprotein E: from lipid transport to neurobiology. Prog Lipid Res. 2011;50(1):62–74.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jonsson T, Stefansson H, Steinberg S, Jonsdottir I, Jonsson PV, Snaedal J, et al. Variant of TREM2 associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(2):107–16.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guerreiro R, Wojtas A, Bras J, Carrasquillo M, Rogaeva E, Majounie E, et al. TREM2 variants in Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(2):117–27.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Allcock RJ, Barrow AD, Forbes S, Beck S, Trowsdale J. The human TREM gene cluster at 6p21.1 encodes both activating and inhibitory single IgV domain receptors and includes NKp44. Eur J Immunol. 2003;33(2):567–77.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jiang T, Zhang YD, Gao Q, Ou Z, Gong PY, Shi JQ, et al. TREM2 ameliorates neuronal tau pathology through suppression of microglial inflammatory response. Inflammation. 2018;41(3):811–23.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mecca C, Giambanco I, Donato R, Arcuri C. Microglia and Aging: The Role of the TREM2-DAP12 and CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Axes. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(1):318.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Xiang X, Werner G, Bohrmann B, Liesz A, Mazaheri F, Capell A, et al. TREM2 deficiency reduces the efficacy of immunotherapeutic amyloid clearance. EMBO Mol Med. 2016;8:992–1004.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mayeux R, Stern Y. Epidemiology of Alzheimer Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012;2:a006239.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Reitz C, Brayne C, Mayeux R. Epidemiology of Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2011;7(3):137–52.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Love S, Miners JS. Cerebrovascular disease in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2016;131(5):645–58.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liu W, Wong A, Law AC, Mok VC. Cerebrovascular disease, amyloid plaques, and dementia. Stroke. 2015;46(5):1402–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zlokovic BV. Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and other disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011;12(12):723–38.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S, Palmertz B, Andreasson LA, Nilsson L, et al. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet. 1996;347(9009):1141–5.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Staessen JA, Richart T, Birkenhager WH. Less atherosclerosis and lower blood pressure for a meaningful life perspective with more brain. Hypertension. 2007;49(3):389–400.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Skoog I, Gustafson D. Update on hypertension and Alzheimer's disease. Neurol Res. 2006;28(6):605–11.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li X, Song D, Leng SX. Link between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease: from epidemiology to mechanism and treatment. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:549–60.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kimura N. Diabetes mellitus induces Alzheimer's disease pathology: histopathological evidence from animal models. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(4):503.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ko SY, Ko HA, Chu KH, Shieh TM, Chi TC, Chen HI, et al. The Possible Mechanism of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) for Alzheimer’s Disease. PLoS One. 2015;10.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Li XH, Du LL, Cheng XS, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Lv BL, et al. Glycation exacerbates the neuronal toxicity of beta-amyloid. Cell Death Dis. 2013;4:e673.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Profenno LA, Porsteinsson AP, Faraone SV. Meta-analysis of Alzheimer's disease risk with obesity, diabetes, and related disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;67(6):505–12.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick AL, Kuller LH, Lopez OL, Diehr P, O'Meara ES, Longstreth WT Jr, et al. Midlife and late-life obesity and the risk of dementia: cardiovascular health study. Arch Neurol. 2009;66(3):336–42.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Anstey KJ, Cherbuin N, Budge M, Young J. Body mass index in midlife and late-life as a risk factor for dementia: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Obes Rev. 2011;12(5):e426–37.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Popp J, Meichsner S, Kolsch H, Lewczuk P, Maier W, Kornhuber J, et al. Cerebral and extracerebral cholesterol metabolism and CSF markers of Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Pharmacol. 2013;86(1):37–42.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xue-shan Z, Juan P, Qi W, Zhong R, Li-hong P, Zhi-han T, et al. Imbalanced cholesterol metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Clin Chim Acta. 2016;456:107–14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ricciarelli R, Canepa E, Marengo B, Marinari UM, Poli G, Pronzato MA, et al. Cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease: a still poorly understood correlation. IUBMB Life. 2012;64(12):931–5.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ullrich C, Pirchl M, Humpel C. Hypercholesterolemia in rats impairs the cholinergic system and leads to memory deficits. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2010;45:408–17.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hendrie HC, Hake A, Lane K, Purnell C, Unverzagt F, Smith-Gamble V, et al. Statin use, incident dementia and Alzheimer disease in elderly African Americans. Ethn Dis. 2015;25(3):345–54.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Haag MD, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, Stricker BH, Breteler MM. Statins are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease regardless of lipophilicity. The Rotterdam study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;80(1):13–7.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lin FC, Chuang YS, Hsieh HM, Lee TC, Chiu KF, Liu CK, et al. Early statin use and the progression of Alzheimer disease: a Total population-based case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(47):e2143.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Simons M, Schwarzler F, Lutjohann D, von Bergmann K, Beyreuther K, Dichgans J, et al. Treatment with simvastatin in normocholesterolemic patients with Alzheimer's disease: a 26-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Ann Neurol. 2002;52(3):346–50.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sano M, Bell KL, Galasko D, Galvin JE, Thomas RG, van Dyck CH, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of simvastatin to treat Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2011;77(6):556–63.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Feldman HH, Doody RS, Kivipelto M, Sparks DL, Waters DD, Jones RW, et al. Randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: LEADe. Neurology. 2010;74(12):956–64.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, Bollen EL, Buckley BM, Cobbe SM, et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360(9346):1623–30.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360(9326):7–22.
Article
Google Scholar
Song Y, Nie H, Xu Y, Zhang L, Wu Y. Association of statin use with risk of dementia: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2013;13(4):817–24.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
McGuinness B, Craig D, Bullock R, Passmore P. Statins for the prevention of dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(1):Cd003160. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003160.pub3.
Håkansson K, Rovio S, Helkala EL, Vilska AR, Winblad B, Soininen H, et al. Association between mid-life marital status and cognitive function in later life: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2009;339:b2462
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fan LY, Sun Y, Lee HJ, Yang SC, Chen TF, Lin KN, et al. Marital status, lifestyle and dementia: a Nationwide survey in Taiwan. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0139154.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sommerlad A, Ruegger J, Singh-Manoux A, Lewis G, Livingston G. Marriage and risk of dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018;89(3):231–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ray B, Gaskins DL, Sajdyk TJ, Spence JP, Fitz SD, Shekhar A, et al. Restraint stress and repeated corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor activation in the amygdala both increase amyloid-beta precursor protein and amyloid-beta peptide but have divergent effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and pre-synaptic proteins in the prefrontal cortex of rats. Neuroscience. 2011;184:139–50.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lesuis SL, Maurin H, Borghgraef P, Lucassen PJ, Van Leuven F, Krugers HJ. Positive and negative early life experiences differentially modulate long term survival and amyloid protein levels in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget. 2016;7(26):39118–35.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Justice NJ, Huang L, Tian JB, Cole A, Pruski M, Hunt AJ Jr, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder-like induction elevates beta-amyloid levels, which directly activates corticotropin-releasing factor neurons to exacerbate stress responses. J Neurosci. 2015;35(6):2612–23.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Carroll JC, Iba M, Bangasser DA, Valentino RJ, James MJ, Brunden KR, et al. Chronic stress exacerbates tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and cognitive performance through a corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-dependent mechanism in a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy. J Neurosci. 2011;31(40):14436–49.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lara VP, Caramelli P, Teixeira AL, Barbosa MT, Carmona KC, Carvalho MG, et al. High cortisol levels are associated with cognitive impairment no-dementia (CIND) and dementia. Clin Chim Acta. 2013;423:18–22.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zverova M, Fisar Z, Jirak R, Kitzlerova E, Hroudova J, Raboch J. Plasma cortisol in Alzheimer's disease with or without depressive symptoms. Med Sci Monit. 2013;19:681–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wang LY, Raskind MA, Wilkinson CW, Shofer JB, Sikkema C, Szot P, et al. Associations between CSF cortisol and CSF norepinephrine in cognitively normal controls and patients with amnestic MCI and AD dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018;33(5):763–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Huang CW, Lui CC, Chang WN, Lu CH, Wang YL, Chang CC. Elevated basal cortisol level predicts lower hippocampal volume and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Neurosci. 2009;16(10):1283–6.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Toledo JB, Toledo E, Weiner MW, Jack CR, Jagust W, Lee VMY, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors, cortisol, and amyloid-β deposition in Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Alzheimers Dement. 2012;8(6):483–9.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ennis GE, An Y, Resnick SM, Ferrucci L, O'Brien RJ, Moffat SD. Long-term cortisol measures predict Alzheimer disease risk. Neurology. 2017;88:371–8.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schrijvers EM, Direk N, Koudstaal PJ, Kirschbaum C, Hofman A, Tiemeier H, et al. Associations of serum cortisol with cognitive function and dementia: the Rotterdam study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;25(4):671–7.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Byers AL, Yaffe K. Depression and risk of developing dementia. Nat Rev Neurol. 2011;7(6):323–31.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ricci S, Fuso A, Ippoliti F, Businaro R. Stress-induced cytokines and neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;28(1):11–24.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vilalta-Franch J, Lopez-Pousa S, Llinas-Regla J, Calvo-Perxas L, Merino-Aguado J, Garre-Olmo J. Depression subtypes and 5-year risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease in patients aged 70 years. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013;28(4):341–50.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wu KY, Lin KJ, Chen CH, Chen CS, Liu CY, Huang SY, et al. Diversity of neurodegenerative pathophysiology in nondemented patients with major depressive disorder: Evidence of cerebral amyloidosis and hippocampal atrophy. Brain Behav. 2018;8(7):e01016.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Proserpio P, Arnaldi D, Nobili F, Nobili L. Integrating sleep and Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology: hints for sleep disorders management. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;63(3):871–86.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shi L, Chen SJ, Ma MY, Bao YP, Han Y, Wang YM, et al. Sleep disturbances increase the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;40:4–16.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Traber MG, van der Vliet A, Reznick AZ, Cross CE. Tobacco-related diseases. Is there a role for antioxidant micronutrient supplementation? Clin Chest Med. 2000;21(1):173–87 x.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Durazzo TC, Mattsson N, Weiner MW. Smoking and increased Alzheimer's disease risk: a review of potential mechanisms. Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10(3 Suppl):S122–45.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cataldo JK, Prochaska JJ, Glantz SA. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: an analysis controlling for tobacco industry affiliation. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;19(2):465–80.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Xu W, Yu JT, Tan MS, Tan L. Cognitive reserve and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurobiol. 2015;51(1):187–208.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tucker AM, Stern Y. Cognitive reserve in aging. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2011;8(4):354–60.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stern Y, Gurland B, Tatemichi TK, Tang MX, Wilder D, Mayeux R. Influence of education and occupation on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Jama. 1994;271(13):1004–10.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Scarmeas N, Levy G, Tang MX, Manly J, Stern Y. Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 2001;57(12):2236–42.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hamer M, Chida Y. Physical activity and risk of neurodegenerative disease: a systematic review of prospective evidence. Psychol Med. 2009;39(1):3–11.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mendiola-Precoma J, Berumen LC, Padilla K, Garcia-Alcocer G. Therapies for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:2589276.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Paillard T, Rolland Y, de Souto Barreto P. Protective effects of physical exercise in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: a narrative review. J Clin Neurol. 2015;11(3):212–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Huang EJ, Reichardt LF. Neurotrophins: roles in neuronal development and function*. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2001;24:677–736.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
de Wilde MC, Vellas B, Girault E, Yavuz AC, Sijben JW. Lower brain and blood nutrient status in Alzheimer's disease: Results from meta-analyses. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2017;3:416–31.
Google Scholar
Scarmeas N, Stern Y, Mayeux R, Manly JJ, Schupf N, Luchsinger JA. Mediterranean diet and mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol. 2009;66(2):216–25.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA. Diet and Neurocognition: review of evidence and methodological considerations. Curr Aging Sci. 2010;3(1):57–66.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
van Wijk N, Broersen LM, de Wilde MC, Hageman RJ, Groenendijk M, Sijben JW, et al. Targeting synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease by administering a specific nutrient combination. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;38(3):459–79.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Olivera-Pueyo J, Pelegrin-Valero C. Dietary supplements for cognitive impairment. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2017;45(Supplement):37–47.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fraga VG, Carvalho MDG, Caramelli P, de Sousa LP, Gomes KB. Resolution of inflammation, n-3 fatty acid supplementation and Alzheimer disease: a narrative review. J Neuroimmunol. 2017;310:111–9.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Knekt P, Saaksjarvi K, Jarvinen R, Marniemi J, Mannisto S, Kanerva N, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentration and risk of dementia. Epidemiology. 2014;25(6):799–804.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shen L, Ji HF. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia: evidence from meta-analysis. Nutr J. 2015;14:76.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Licher S, de Bruijn R, Wolters FJ, Zillikens MC, Ikram MA, Ikram MK. Vitamin D and the risk of dementia: the Rotterdam study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;60(3):989–97.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Landel V, Annweiler C, Millet P, Morello M, Féron F. Vitamin D, Cognition and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Therapeutic Benefit is in the D-Tails. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;53:419–44.
Grimm MOW, Thiel A, Lauer AA, Winkler J, Lehmann J, Regner L, et al. Vitamin D and Its Analogues Decrease Amyloid-β (Aβ) Formation and Increase Aβ-Degradation. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(12):2764.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Briones TL, Darwish H. Vitamin D mitigates age-related cognitive decline through the modulation of pro-inflammatory state and decrease in amyloid burden. J Neuroinflammation. 2012;9:244.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mizwicki MT, Menegaz D, Zhang J, Barrientos-Duran A, Tse S, Cashman JR, et al. Genomic and nongenomic signaling induced by 1alpha,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 promotes the recovery of amyloid-beta phagocytosis by Alzheimer's disease macrophages. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;29(1):51–62.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Masoumi A, Goldenson B, Ghirmai S, Avagyan H, Zaghi J, Abel K, et al. 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 interacts with curcuminoids to stimulate amyloid-beta clearance by macrophages of Alzheimer's disease patients. J Alzheimers Dis. 2009;17(3):703–17.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gezen-Ak D, Dursun E, Bilgic B, Hanagasi H, Ertan T, Gurvit H, et al. Vitamin D receptor gene haplotype is associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2012;228(3):189–96.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Annweiler C, Herrmann FR, Fantino B, Brugg B, Beauchet O. Effectiveness of the combination of memantine plus vitamin D on cognition in patients with Alzheimer disease: a pre-post pilot study. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2012;25(3):121–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Annweiler C, Rolland Y, Schott AM, Blain H, Vellas B, Herrmann FR, et al. Higher vitamin D dietary intake is associated with lower risk of alzheimer's disease: a 7-year follow-up. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2012;67(11):1205–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stein MS, Scherer SC, Ladd KS, Harrison LC. A randomized controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D2 followed by intranasal insulin in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;26(3):477–84.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Miller BJ, Whisner CM, Johnston CS. Vitamin D supplementation appears to increase plasma Abeta40 in vitamin D insufficient older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;52(3):843–7.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li R, Cui J, Shen Y. Brain sex matters: estrogen in cognition and Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2014;389(0):13–21.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zárate S, Stevnsner T, Gredilla R. Role of Estrogen and Other Sex Hormones in Brain Aging. Neuroprotection and DNA Repair. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017;9:430.
Depypere H, Vierin A, Weyers S, Sieben A. Alzheimer's disease, apolipoprotein E and hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas. 2016;94:98–105.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brinton RD. Investigative models for determining hormone therapy-induced outcomes in brain: evidence in support of a healthy cell bias of estrogen action. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005;1052:57–74.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dye RV, Miller KJ, Singer EJ, Levine AJ. Hormone replacement therapy and risk for neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;2012:258454.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Imtiaz B, Taipale H, Tanskanen A, Tiihonen M, Kivipelto M, Heikkinen AM, et al. Risk of Alzheimer's disease among users of postmenopausal hormone therapy: a nationwide case-control study. Maturitas. 2017;98:7–13.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shumaker SA, Legault C, Rapp SR, Thal L, Wallace RB, Ockene JK, et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative memory study: a randomized controlled trial. Jama. 2003;289(20):2651–62.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wharton W, Baker LD, Gleason CE, Dowling M, Barnet JH, Johnson S, et al. Short-term hormone therapy with transdermal estradiol improves cognition for postmenopausal women with Alzheimer's disease: results of a randomized controlled trial. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;26(3):495–505.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Henderson VW, Benke KS, Green RC, Cupples LA, Farrer LA. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and Alzheimer's disease risk: interaction with age. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(1):103–5.
CAS
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Espeland MA, Rapp SR, Manson JE, Goveas JS, Shumaker SA, Hayden KM, et al. Long-term effects on cognitive trajectories of postmenopausal hormone therapy in two age groups. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2017;72(6):838–45.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fox M, Berzuini C, Knapp LA. Cumulative estrogen exposure, number of menstrual cycles, and Alzheimer's risk in a cohort of British women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013;38(12):2973–82.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marjoribanks J, Farquhar C, Roberts H, Lethaby A, Lee J. Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;1:Cd004143.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mattei TA. Is it all about contact? Neurodegeneration as a “protein freeze tag game” inside the central nervous system. Front Neurol. 2013;4:75.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Warren JD, Fletcher PD, Golden HL. The paradox of syndromic diversity in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2012;8(8):451–64.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johnson SC, Koscik RL, Jonaitis EM, Clark LR, Mueller KD, Berman SE, et al. The Wisconsin registry for Alzheimer's prevention: a review of findings and current directions. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2018;10:130–42.
Google Scholar