Bringsvar TA: En kjempe så stor som hele verden. Gyldendal norsk forlag A/S, Norway. 1985.
Google Scholar
Saxelin M, Korpela R, Mayra-Makinen A: Introduction: classifying functional dairy products. Functional dairy products. Edited by: Mattila-Sandholm T, Saarela M. 2003, 1-16. Woodhead Publishing Limited, UK.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Utviklingen i norsk kosthold: Rapport fra Sosial og helsedirektoratet, Norway. 2003.
Google Scholar
Insel P, Turner RE, Ross D: Nutrition. 2004, American dietetic association, Jones and Bartlett, USA, Second Edition.
Google Scholar
Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, McQueen M, Budaj A, Pais P, Varigos J, Lisheng L: Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004, 364: 937-52. 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Keenan TW, Patton S: The structure of milk. Handbook of milk composition. Edited by: Jensen RG. 1995, 5-50. Academic Press, USA.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Ontsouka CE, Bruckmaier RM, Blum JW: Fractionized milk composition during removal of colostrum and mature milk. J Dairy Sci. 2003, 86: 2005-11.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Jensen RG, Newburg DS: Bovine milk lipids. Handbook of milk composition. Edited by: Jensen RG. 1995, 543-575. Academic Press, USA.
Chapter
Google Scholar
USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. (accessed September 3, 2007), http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/
Grundy SM: Influence of stearic acid on cholesterol metabolism relative to other long-chain fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994, 60: 986S-990S.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thormar H, Isaacs EE, Kim KS, Brown HR: Interaction of visna virus and other enveloped viruses by free fatty acids and monoglycerides. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994, 724: 465-71. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38948.x
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
German JB: Butyric acid: a role in cancer prevention. Nutr Bull. 1999, 24: 293-9.
Article
Google Scholar
Mensink RP, Zock PL, Kester AD, Katan MB: Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003, 77: 1146-55.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sun CQ, O'Connor CJ, Roberton AM: The antimicrobial properties of milkfat after partial hydrolysis by calf pregastric lipase. Chem Biol Interact. 2002, 140: 185-98. 10.1016/S0009-2797(02)00016-9
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Schuster GS, Dirksen TR, Ciarlone AE, Burnett GW, Reynolds MT, Lankford MT: Anticaries and antiplaque potential of free-fatty acids in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol Ther Dent. 1980, 5: 25-33.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sun CQ, O'Connor CJ, Roberton AM: Antibacterial actions of fatty acids and monoglycerides against Helicobacter pylori. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2003, 36: 9-17. 10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00008-7
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Henry GE, Momin RA, Nair MG, Dewitt DL: Antioxidant and cyclooxygenase activities of fatty acids found in food. J Agric Food Chem. 2002, 50: 2231-4. 10.1021/jf0114381
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Chi D, Nakano M, Yamamoto K: Milk and milk products consumption in relationship to serum lipid levels: a community-based study of middle-aged and older population in Japan. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2004, 12: 84-7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mensink RP, Katan MB: Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins: a metaanalysis of 27 trials. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992, 12: 911-19.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Hegsted DM, Ausman LM, Johnson JA, Dallal GE: Dietary fat and serum lipids. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993, 57: 875-83.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sandstrom B, Marckmann P, Bindslev N: An eight-month controlled study of a low-fat high-fibre diet: effects on blood lipids and blood pressure in healthy young subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1992, 46: 95-109.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marckmann P, Sandstrom B, Jespersen J: Low-fat, high-fiber diet favorably affects several independent risk markers of ischemic heart disease: observations on blood lipids, coagulation, and fibrinolysis from a trial of middle-aged Danes. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994, 59: 935-9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Seidel C, Deufel T, Jahreis G: Effects of fat-modified dairy products on blood lipids in humans in comparison with other fats. Ann Nutr Metab. 2005, 49: 42-8. 10.1159/000084176
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Bosaeus I: Milk and cholesterol. Vår Föda. 1991, 43: 98-101.
Google Scholar
Eichholzer M, Stahelin H: Is there a hypocholesterolemic factor in milk and milk products?. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1993, 63 (3): 158-167.
Google Scholar
Elwood PC, Pickering JE, Hughes J, Fehily AM, Ness AR: Milk drinking, ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic stroke. Evidence from cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004, 58: 718-24. 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601869
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Stähelin HB: Nutritional factors Correlating with Cardivascular Disease: Results of the Basel Study. Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risks. Bibl Nutr Dieta. Basel, Karger. Edited by: Somogyi JC, Biro GY, Hotzel D. 1992, 49: 24-35.
Google Scholar
Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Rosner BA, Sampson LA, Hennekens CH: Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women. The Lancet. 1993, 341: 581-35. 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90350-P.
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Fehily AM, Yarnell JW, Sweetnam PM, Elwood PC: Diet and incident ishaemic heart disease: The Caerpilly study. British Journal of Nutrition. 1993, 69: 303-14. 10.1079/BJN19930035
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Ness AR, Smith GD, Hart C: Milk, coronary heart disease and mortality. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000, 55: 379-82. 10.1136/jech.55.6.379.
Article
Google Scholar
Smedman AE, Gustafsson IB, Berglund LG, Vessby BO: Pentadecanoic acid in serum as a marker for intake of milk fat: relations between intake of milk fat and metabolic risk factors. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999, 69: 22-9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Warensjo E, Jansson JH, Berglund L, Boman K, Ahren B, Weinehall L, Lindahl B, Hallmans G, Vessby B: Estimated intake of milk fat is negatively associated with cardiovascular risk factors and does not increase the risk of a first acute myocardial infarction. A prospective case-control study. Br J Nutr. 2004, 91: 635-42. 10.1079/BJN20041080
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Biong AS, Veierod MB, Ringstad J, Thelle DS, Pedersen JI: Intake of milk fat, reflected in adipose tissue fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction: a case-control study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006, 60: 236-44. 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602307
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Biong AS: Dairy products and myocardial infarction. PhD thesis. 2007, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
Google Scholar
Sjogren P, Rosell M, Skoglund-Andersson C, Zdravkovic S, Vessby B, de Faire U, Hamsten A, Hellenius ML, Fisher RM: Milk-derived fatty acids are associated with a more favorable LDL particle size distribution in healthy men. J Nutr. 2004, 134: 1729-35.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
St-Pierre AC, Cantin B, Dagenais GR, Mauriege P, Bernard PM, Despres JP, Lamarche B: Low-density lipoprotein subfractions and the long-term risk of ischemic heart disease in men: 13-year follow-up data from the quebec cardiovascular study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005, 25: 553-9. 10.1161/01.ATV.0000154144.73236.f4
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Picard S: Lipoprotein glyco-oxidation. Diabete Metab. 1995, 21: 89-94.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goff DC, D'Agostino RB, Haffner SM, Otvos JD: Insulin resistance and adiposity influence lipoprotein size and subclass concentrations. Results from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Metabolism. 2005, 54: 264-70. 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.09.002
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Lamarche B, Lemieux I, Despres JP: The small, dense LDL phenotype and the risk of coronary heart disease: epidemiology, patho-physiology and therapeutic aspects. Diabetes Metab. 1999, 25: 199-211.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tonstad S, Hjermann I: A high risk score for coronary heart disease is associated with the metabolic syndrome in 40-year-old men and women. J Cardiovasc Risk. 2003, 10: 129-35. 10.1097/00043798-200304000-00008
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hostmark AT, Osland A, Simonsen S, Levorstad K: Lipoprotein-related coronary risk factors in patients with angiographically defined coronary artery disease: relation to number of stenosed arteries. J Intern Med. 1990, 228: 317-21.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Ridker PM: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk: from concept to clinical practice to clinical benefit. Am Heart J. 2004, 148: S19-26. 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.04.028
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Fredrikson GN, Hedblad B, Nilsson JA, Alm R, Berglund G, Nilsson J: Association between diet, lifestyle, metabolic cardiovascular risk factors, and plasma C-reactive protein levels. Metabolism. 2004, 53: 1436-42. 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.06.010
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Lichtenstein AH, Erkkila AT, Lamarche B, Schwab US, Jalbert SM, Ausman LM: Influence of hydrogenated fat and butter on CVD risk factors: remnant-like particles, glucose and insulin, blood pressure and C-reactive protein. Atherosclerosis. 2003, 171: 97-107. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.07.005
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
German JB, Dillard CJ: Saturated fats: what dietary intake?. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004, 80: 550-9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kris-Etherton PM, Pearson TA, Wan Y, Hargrove RL, Moriarty K, Fishell V, Etherton TD: High-monounsaturated fatty acid diets lower both plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999, 70: 1009-15.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ip C: Review of the effects of trans fatty acids, oleic acid, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and conjugated linoleic acid on mammary carcinogenesis in animals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997, 66: 1523S-1529S.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bartsch H, Nair J: Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation-derived DNA-lesions in inflammation driven carcinogenesis. Cancer Detect Prev. 2004, 28: 385-91. 10.1016/j.cdp.2004.07.004
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Bartsch H, Nair J, Owen RW: Exocyclic DNA adducts as oxidative stress markers in colon carcinogenesis: potential role of lipid peroxidation, dietary fat and antioxidants. Biol Chem. 2002, 383: 915-21. 10.1515/BC.2002.098
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Pamplona R, Portero-Otin M, Sanz A, Requena J, Barja G: Modification of the longevity-related degree of fatty acid unsaturation modulates oxidative damage to proteins and mitochondrial DNA in liver and brain. Exp Gerontol. 2004, 39: 725-33. 10.1016/j.exger.2004.01.006
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Bielicki JK, Forte TM, McCall MR: Gas-phase cigarette smoke inhibits plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity by modification of the enzyme's free thiols. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995, 1258: 35-40.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
De Lorgeril M, Renaud S, Mamelle N, Salen P: Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet. 1994, 343: 1454-59. 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92580-1
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Nicolosi RJ, Woolfrey B, Wilson TA, Scollin P: Decreased aortic early atherosclerosis and associated risk factors in hypercholesterolemic hamsters fed a high- or mid-oleic acid oil compared to a high-linoleic acid oil. J Nutr Biochem. 2004, 15: 540-47. 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.04.001
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Alfthan G, Aro A, Gey KF: Plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular disease mortality. Lancet. 1997, 349: 397. 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)80014-1
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
, : International longevity comparisons. Stat Bull Metrop Insur Co. 1992, 73: 10-15.
Google Scholar
Haug A, Hallaq H, Leaf A: Potential antiatherogenic effects of omega-3 fatty acids. Thrombosis, an update. Edited by: Neri Serneri GG, Gensini GF, Abbate R, Prisco D. 1992, 361-372. Scientific press, Florence.
Google Scholar
Jump DB, Clarke SD: Regulation of gene expression by dietary fat. Annu Rev Nutr. 1999, 19: 63-90. 10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.63
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Bagga D, Wang L, Farias-Eisner R, Glaspy JA, Reddy ST: Differential effects of prostaglandin derived from omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on COX-2 expression and IL-6 secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100: 1751-6. 10.1073/pnas.0334211100
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Bartsch H, Nair J, Owen RW: Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and cancers of the breast and colorectum: emerging evidence for their role as risk modifiers. Carcinogenesis. 1999, 20: 2209-18. 10.1093/carcin/20.12.2209
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Thorsdottir I, Hill J, Ramel A: Omega-3 fatty acid supply from milk associates with lower type 2 diabetes in men and coronary heart disease in women. Prev Med. 2004, 39: 630-34. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.031
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Hjartaker A, Laake P, Lund E: Childhood and adult milk consumption and risk of premenopausal breast cancer in a cohort of 48, 844 women – the Norwegian women and cancer study. Int J Cancer. 2001, 93: 888-93. 10.1002/ijc.1409
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
w3-FA in food intake in France. http://www.afssa.fr/Object.asp?IdObj=16034&Pge=0&CCH=050411131233:26:4&cwSID=BD23E41A64B54ECEB776487C408F5062&AID=0
Wahle KW, Heys SD, Rotondo D: Conjugated linoleic acids: are they beneficial or detrimental to health?. Prog Lipid Res. 2004, 43: 553-87. 10.1016/j.plipres.2004.08.002
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Delmonte P, Kataok A, Corl BA, Bauman DE, Yurawecz MP: Relative retention order of all isomers of cis/trans conjugated linoleic acid FAME from the 6, 8- to 13, 15-positions using silver ion HPLC with two elution systems. Lipids. 2005, 40: 509-14. 10.1007/s11745-005-1411-3
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Ding ST, McNeel RL, Mersmann HJ: Modulation of adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 by selected polyunsaturated fatty acids. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2002, 38: 352-7. 10.1290/1071-2690(2002)038<0352:MOADAD>2.0.CO;2
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Roche HM, Noone E, Sewter C: Isomer-dependent metabolic effects of conjugated linoleic acid: insights from molecular markers sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and LXRalpha. Diabetes. 2002, 51: 2037-44. 10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2037
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Stene O, Thuen E, Lindstad P, Haug A: Innhold av konjugert linolsyre (CLA) i mjølk fra kyr i to ulike produksjonssystemer. Husdyrforsøksmøtet, Norway. 2002, p557-60.
Google Scholar
Bell JA, Griinari JM, Kennelly JJ: Effect of safflower oil, flaxseed oil, monensin, and vitamin E on concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk fat. J Dairy Sci. 2006, 89: 733-48.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Terpstra AH: Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body composition and plasma lipids in humans: an overview of the literature. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004, 79: 352-61.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tricon S, Burdge GC, Kew S, Banerjee T, Russell JJ, Jones EL, Grimble RF, Williams CM, Yaqoob P, Calder PC: Opposing effects of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on blood lipids in healthy humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004, 80: 614-20.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Valeille K, Gripois D, Blouquit MF, Souidi M, Riottot M, Bouthegourd JC, Serougne C, Martin JC: Lipid atherogenic risk markers can be more favourably influenced by the cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoate isomer than a conjugated linoleic acid mixture or fish oil in hamsters. Br J Nutr. 2004, 91: 191-9. 10.1079/BJN20031057
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Gavino VC, Gavino G, Leblanc MJ, Tuchweber B: An isomeric mixture of conjugated linoleic acids but not pure cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid affects body weight gain and plasma lipids in hamsters. J Nutr. 2000, 130: 27-9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Benito P, Nelson GJ, Kelly DS, Bartolini G, Schmidt PC, Simon V: The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on plasma lipoproteins and tissue fatty acid composition in humans. Lipids. 2001, 36: 229-36. 10.1007/s11745-001-0712-x
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Thomas Yeung CH, Yang L, Huang Y, Wang J, Chen ZY: Dietary conjugated linoleic acid mixture affects the activity of intestinal acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase in hamsters. Br J Nutr. 2000, 84: 935-41.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ostrowska E, Cross RF, Muralitharan M, Bauman DE, Dunshea FR: Effects of dietary fat and conjugated linoleic acid on plasma metabolite concentrations and metabolic responses to homeostatic signals in pigs. Br J Nutr. 2002, 88: 625-34. 10.1079/BJN2002726
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Ha YL, Grimm NK, Pariza MW: Anticarcinogens from fried ground beef: heat-altered derivatives of linoleic acid. Carcinogenesis. 1987, 8: 1881-7. 10.1093/carcin/8.12.1881
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Larsson SC, Bergkvist L, Wolk A: High-fat dairy food and conjugated linoleic acid intakes in relation to colorectal cancer incidence in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005, 82: 894-900.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ochoa JJ, Farquharson AJ, Grant I, Moffat LE, Heys SD, Wahle KW: Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) decrease prostate cancer cell proliferation: different molecular mechanisms for cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers. Carcinogenesis. 2004, 25: 1185-91. 10.1093/carcin/bgh116
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Akahoshi A, Koba K, Ichinose F, Kaneko M, Shimoda A, Nonaka K, Yamasaki M, Iwata T, Yamauchi Y, Tsutsumi K, Sugano M: Dietary protein modulates the effect of CLA on lipid metabolism in rats. Lipids. 2004, 39: 25-30. 10.1007/s11745-004-1197-3
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Iwakiri Y, Sampson DA, Allen KG: Suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by conjugated linoleic acid in murine macrophages. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2002, 67: 435-43. 10.1054/plef.2002.0454
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Cheng WL, Lii CK, Chen HW, Lin TH, Liu KL: Contribution of conjugated linoleic acid to the suppression of inflammatory responses through the regulation of the NF-kappaB pathway. J Agric Food Chem. 2004, 52: 71-8. 10.1021/jf0348626
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Ledoux M, Chardigny J-M, Darbois M, Soustre Y, Sebedio J-L, Laloux L: Fatty acid composition of French butters with special emphasis on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers. J of food composition and analysis. 2005, 18: 409-25. 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.01.001. 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.01.001
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Precht D, Molktentin J: Rapid analysis of isomers of trans-octadecenoic acid in milk fat. Int Dairy J. 1996, 6: 791-809. 10.1016/0958-6946(96)00004-0. 10.1016/0958-6946(96)00004-0
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Roche JR, Petch S, Kay JK: Manipulating the dietary cation-anion difference via drenching to early-lactation dairy cows grazing pasture. J Dairy Sci. 2005, 88: 264-76.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Tricon S, Burdge GC, Jones EL, Russell JJ, El-Khazen S, Moretti E, Hall WL, Gerry AB, Leake DS, Grimble RF, Williams CM, Calder PC, Yaqoob P: Effects of dairy products naturally enriched with cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid on the blood lipid profile in healthy middle-aged men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006, 83: 744-53.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kay JK, Mackle TR, Auldist MJ, Thomson NA, Bauman DE: Endogenous synthesis of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid in dairy cows fed fresh pasture. J Dairy Sci. 2004, 87: 369-78.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Santora J, Palmquist D, Rorhrig KL: Vaccenic acid is desaturated to conjugated linoleic acid in mice. J Nutr. 2000, 130: 208-15.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Glaser KR, Wenk C, Scheeder MR: Effects of feeding pigs increasing levels of C 18:1 trans fatty acids on fatty acid composition of backfat and intramuscular fat as well as backfat firmness. Arch Tierernahr. 2002, 56: 117-30.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Turpeinen AM, Mutanen M, Aro A, Salminen I, Basu S, Palmquist DL, Griinari JM: Bioconversion of vaccenic acid to conjugated linoleic acid in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002, 76: 504-10.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mensink RP, Katan MB: Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy subjects. N Engl J Med. 1990, 323: 439-45.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Ascherio A, Katan MB, Zock PL, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC: Trans fatty acids and coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1999, 340: 1994-8. 10.1056/NEJM199906243402511
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Meijer GW, van Tol A, van Berkel TJ, Weststrate JA: Effect of dietary elaidic versus vaccenic acid on blood and liver lipids in the hamster. Atherosclerosis. 2001, 157: 31-40. 10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00661-4
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Clifton PM, Keogh JB, Noakes M: Trans fatty acids in adipose tissue and the food supply are associated with myocardial infarction. J Nutr. 2004, 134: 874-9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pan XL, Izumi T: Variation of the ganglioside compositions of human milk. Cow's milk and infant formulas. Early Hum Dev. 2000, 57: 25-31. 10.1016/S0378-3782(99)00051-1
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Korhonen HM, Pihlanto-Leppala A, Rantamaki P, Tupasela T: Impact of processing on bioactive proteins and peptides. Trends Food Sci Technol. 1998, 8: 307-19. 10.1016/S0924-2244(98)00054-5.
Article
Google Scholar
Clare DA, Swaisgood HE: Bioactive milk peptides: a prospectus. J Dairy Sci. 2000, 83: 1187-95.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Nilsson M, Holst JJ, Bjorck IM: Metabolic effects of amino acid mixtures and whey protein in healthy subjects: studies using glucose-equivalent drinks. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007, 85: 996-1004.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ezine articles. (accessed August 30, 2007), http://ezinearticles.com/?Whey-Protein-Importance&id=2851
Lönnerdal B: Supplements. Preface. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003, 77: 1535S-1536S.
Google Scholar
Meisel H, FitzGerald RJ: Biofunctional peptides from milk proteins: mineral binding and cytomodulatory effects. Curr Pharm. 2003, 9 (16): 1289-1295. 10.2174/1381612033454847.
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Swaisgood HE: Protein and amino acid composition of bovine milk. Handbook of milk composition. Edited by: Jensen RG. 1995, 464-468. Academic Press, USA.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Birgisdottir BE, Hill JP, Harris DP, Thorsdottir I: Variation in consumption of cow milk proteins and lower incidence of Type 1 diabetes in Iceland vs the other 4 Nordic countries. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 2002, 15: 240-5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Truswell AS: The A2 milk case: a critical review. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005, 59: 623-31. 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602104
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Jauhiainen T, Korpela R: Milk peptides and blood pressure. J Nutr. 2007, 137: 825S-9S.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Layman DK: The role of leucine in weight loss diets and glucose homeostatis. J Nutr. 2003, 133: 261S-267S.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Etzel MR: Manufacture and use of dairy protein fractions. J Nutr. 2004, 134: 996S-1002S.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wolfe RR: Regulation of muscle protein by amino acids. J Nutr. 2002, 3219S-3224S.
Google Scholar
Frid AH, Nilsson M, Holst JJ, Bjorck IM: Effect of whey on blood glucose and insulin responses to composite breakfast and lunch meals in type 2 diabetic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005, 82: 69-75.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pereira MA, Jacobs DR, Van Horn L, Slattery ML, Kartashov AI, Ludwig DS: Dairy consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: the CARDIA Study. JAMA. 2002, 287: 2081-9. 10.1001/jama.287.16.2081
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Cataldi TR, Telesca G, Bianco G: Improved determination of taurine by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-IPAD). Anal Bioanal Chem. 2004, 378: 804-10. 10.1007/s00216-003-2388-x
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Lourenco R, Camilo ME: Taurine: a conditionally essential amino acid in humans? An overview in health and disease. Nutr Hosp. 2002, 17: 262-70.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li F, Obrosova IG, Abatan O, Tian D, Larkin D, Stuenkel EL, Stevens MJ: Taurine replacement attenuates hyperalgesia and abnormal calcium signaling in sensory neurons of STZ-D rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 288: E29-36. 10.1152/ajpendo.00168.2004
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Burger U, Gobel R: Taurine requirement of premature infants in parenteral nutrition. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1992, 140: 416-21.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fennessy FM, Moneley DS, Wang JH, Kelly CJ, Bouchier-Hayes DJ: Taurine and vitamin C modify monocyte and endothelial dysfunction in young smokers. Circulation. 2003, 107: 410-5. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000046447.72402.47
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Park E, Jia J, Quinn MR, Schuller-Levis G: Taurine chloramine inhibits lymphocyte proliferation and decreases cytokine production in activated human leukocytes. Clin Immunol. 2002, 102: 179-84. 10.1006/clim.2001.5160
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Silva MA, Cunha GM, Viana GS, Rao VS: Taurine modulates chemical nociception in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1993, 26: 1319-24.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sprietsma JE: Modern diets and diseases: NO-zinc balance. Under Th1, zinc and nitrogen monoxide (NO) collectively protect against viruses, AIDS, autoimmunity, diabetes, allergies, asthma, infectious diseases, atherosclerosis and cancer. Med Hypotheses. 1999, 53: 6-16. 10.1054/mehy.1999.0867
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Cai J, Chen Y, Seth S, Furukawa S, Compans RW, Jones DP: Inhibition of influenza infection by glutathione. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003, 34: 928-36. 10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00023-6
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Lindmark-Mansson H, Akesson B: Antioxidative factors in milk. Br J Nutr. 2000, 84 (Suppl 1): S103-10.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dodig S, Cepelak I: The facts and controverses about selenium. Acta Pharm. 2004, 54: 261-76.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Saito Y, Sato N, Hirashima M, Takebe G: Domain structure of bi-functional selenoprotein P. Biochem J. 2004, 381: 841-46. 10.1042/BJ20040328
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Traulsen H, Steinbrenner H, Buchzyk DP, Klotz LO: Selenoprotein P protects low-density lipoprotein against oxidation. Free Radic Res. 2004, 38: 123-28. 10.1080/10715760320001634852
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
McDermid JM, Lalonde RG, Gray-Donald K, Baruchel S: Associations between dietary antioxidant intake and oxidative stress in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative men and women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002, 29: 158-64.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Shamberger RJ, Tytko SA, Willis CE: Selenium and heart disease. Trace Substances in Environmental Health-IX. Edited by: Hemphill DD. 1975, 15-22. University of Missouri, Columbia.
Google Scholar
Shamberger RJ, Willis CE, McCormack LJ: Selenium and heart disease. III. Blood selenium and heart mortality in 19 states. Trace Substances in Environmental Health-XIII. Edited by: Hemphill DD. 1979, 59-63. University of Missouri, Columbia.
Google Scholar
Allam MF, Lucane RA: Selenium supplementation for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004, CD003538-2.
Rayman MP: The argument for increasing selenium intake. Proc Nutr Soc. 2002, 61: 203-15. 10.1079/PNS2002153
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Hans CP, Chaudhary DP, Bansal DD: Magnesium deficiency increases oxidative stress in rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 2002, 40: 1275-9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cheuk DK, Chau TC, Lee SL: A meta-analysis on intravenous magnesium sulphate for treating acute asthma. Arch Dis Child. 2005, 90: 74-7. 10.1136/adc.2004.050005
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Harada H, Tsujino T, Watari Y, Nonaka H, Emoto N, Yokoyama M: Oral taurine supplementation prevents fructose-induced hypertension in rats. Heart Vessels. 2004, 19: 132-6. 10.1007/s00380-003-0757-1
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Hansen M, Sandstrom B, Lonnerdal B: The effect of casein phosphopeptides on zinc and calcium absorption from high phytate infant diets assessed in rat pups and Caco-2 cells. Pediatr Res. 1996, 40: 547-52. 10.1203/00006450-199610000-00006
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Kaushik S, Wander R, Leonard S, German B, Traber MG: Removal of fat from cow's milk decreases the vitamin E contents of the resulting dairy products. Lipids. 2001, 36: 73-8. 10.1007/s11745-001-0670-3
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Hayes K, Pronczuk A, Perlman D: Vitamin E in fortified cow milk uniquely enriches human plasma lipoproteins. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001, 74: 211-8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Forssen KM, Jagerstad MI, Wigertz K, Witthoft CM: Folates and dairy products: a critical update. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000, 19: 100S-110S.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Forman JP, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC: Folate intake and the risk of incident hypertension among US women. JAMA. 2005, 293: 320-9. 10.1001/jama.293.3.320
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Staff AC, Holven K, Løken EB, Sygnestveit K, Vollset SE, Smeland S: Does folic acid have effects on other health problems than neural tube defects?. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2005, 125: 438-41.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Akoglu B, Faust D, Milovic V, Stein J: Folate and chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: Is 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate an active antiproliferative agent in folate-treated colon-cancer cells?. Nutrition. 2001, 17: 652-3. 10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00594-9
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
, : Food and Nutrition Board. Op.Sit. 8–11 and Suitor CW, Bailay LB. Dietary folate equivalents:interpretation and application. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000, 100: 88-94. 10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00027-4
Article
Google Scholar
Picciano MF, West SG, Ruch AL, Kris-Etherton PM, Zhao G, Johnston KE, Maddox DH, Fishell VK, Dirienzo DB, Tamura T: Effect of cow milk on food folate bioavailability in young women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004, 80: 1565-9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ganji V, Kafai MR: Frequent consumption of milk, yogurt, cold breakfast cereals, peppers, and cruciferous vegetables and intakes of dietary folate and riboflavin but not vitamins B-12 and B-6 are inversely associated with serum total homocysteine concentrations in the US population. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004, 80: 1500-7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Persson A: Clinical assessment of udder health status of sows at time of weaning with special reference to bacteriology and cytology in milk. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A. 1997, 44: 143-58.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Rossland E, Langsrud T, Granum PE, Sorhaug T: Production of antimicrobial metabolites by strains of Lactobacillus or Lactococcus co-cultured with Bacillus cereus in milk. Int J Food Microbiol. 2005, 98: 193-200. 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.06.003
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Forchielli ML, Walker WA: The role of gut-associated lymphoid tissues and mucosal defence. Br J Nutr. 2005, 93 (Suppl 1): S41-8. 10.1079/BJN20041356
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Vinderola CG, Duarte J, Thangavel D, Perdigon G, Farnworth E, Matar C: Immunomodulating capacity of kefir. J Dairy Res. 2005, 72: 195-202. 10.1017/S0022029905000828
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Leblanc J, Fliss I, Matar C: Induction of a humoral immune response following an Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection with an immunomodulatory peptidic fraction derived from Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2004, 11: 1171-81. 10.1128/CDLI.11.6.1171-1181.2004
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Watson JL, McKay DM: The immunophysiological impact of bacterial CpG DNA on the gut. Clin Chim Acta. 2006, 364 (1–2): 1-11. 10.1016/j.cca.2005.05.017
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Branca F, Rossi L: The role of fermented milk in complementary feeding of young children: lessons from transition countries. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002, 56 (Suppl 4): S16-20. 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601676
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
O'Sullivan L, Ross RP, Hill C: Potential of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria for improvements in food safety and quality. Biochimie. 2002, 84: 593-604. 10.1016/S0300-9084(02)01457-8
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
De Vrese M, Stegelmann A, Richter B, Fenselau S, Laue C, Schrezenmeir J: Probiotics – compensation for lactase insufficiency. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001, 73 (2 Suppl): 421S-429S.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vesa TH, Marteau PR, Briet FB, Boutron-Ruault MC, Rambaud JC: Raising milk energy content retards gastric emptying of lactose in lactose-intolerant humans with little effect on lactose digestion. J Nutr. 1997, 127: 2316-20.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sanggaard KM, Holst JJ, Rehfeld JF, Sandstrom B, Raben A, Tholstrup T: Different effects of whole milk and a fermented milk with the same fat and lactose content on gastric emptying and postprandial lipaemia, but not on glycaemic response and appetite. Br J Nutr. 2004, 92: 447-59. 10.1079/BJN20041219
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Pinnock CB, Graham NM, Mylvaganam A, Douglas RM: Relationship between milk intake and mucus production in adult volunteers challenged with rhinovirus-2. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990, 141: 352-6.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Wuthrich B, Schmid A, Walther B, Sieber R: Milk consumption does not lead to mucus production or occurrence of asthma. J Am Coll Nutr. 2005, 24: 547S-55S.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Ushida Y, Shimokawa Y, Toida T, Matsui H, Takase M: Bovine alpha-lactalbumin stimulates mucus metabolism in gastric mucosa. J Dairy Sci. 2007, 90: 541-6.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
NAAF's faktaark. Melkeallergi. 2007, (accessed September 1, 2007), http://www.naaf.no/no/Fakta/Mat/Nyttig_a_vite_om_melkeallergi_-__NAAFs_faktaark/
Wal JM: Bovine milk allergenicity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004, 93 (5 Suppl 3): S2-11.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Von Ehrenstein OS, von Mutius E, Illi S, Baumann L, Böhm O, von Kries R: Clin Exp Allergy. 2000, 30: 187-93. 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00801.x
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Liu Y, Reichelt KL: A serotonin uptake-stimulating tetra-peptide found in urines from ADHD children. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2001, 2: 144-8.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Hellzen M, Larsson JO, Reichelt KL, Rydelius PA: Urinary peptide levels in women with eating disorders. A pilot study. Eat Weight Disord. 2003, 8: 55-61.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Reichelt KL, Knivsberg AM: Can the pathophysiology of autism be explained by the nature of the discovered urine peptides?. Nutr Neurosci. 2003, 6: 19-28. 10.1080/1028415021000042839
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Kolars JC, Levitt MD, Aouji M, Savaiano DA: Yogurt – an autodigesting source of lactose. N Engl J Med. 1984, 310: 1-3.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Frey PA: The Leloir pathway: a mechanistic imperative for three enzymes to change the stereochemical configuration of a single carbon in galactose. FASEB J. 1996, 10: 461-70.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cramer DW, Xu H, Sahi T: Adult hypolactasia, milk consumption, and age-specific fertility. Am J Epidemiol. 1994, 139: 282-89.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zisu B, Shah NP: Effects of pH, temperature, supplementation with whey protein concentrate, and adjunct cultures on the production of exopolysaccharides by Streptococcus thermophilus 1275. J Dairy Sci. 2003, 86: 3405-15.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Liu G, Shi F, Blas-Machado U, Duong Q, Davis VL, Foster WG, Hughes CL: Ovarian effects of a high lactose diet in the female rat. Reprod Nutr Dev. 2005, 45: 185-92. 10.1051/rnd:2005010
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Lund MN, Olsen K, Sorensen J, Skibsted LH: Kinetics and mechanism of lactosylation of alpha-lactalbumin. J Agric Food Chem. 2005, 53: 2095-102. 10.1021/jf048688c
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Ankrah NA, Appiah-Opong R, Dzokoto C: Human breastmilk storage and the glutathione content. J Trop Pediatr. 2000, 46: 111-3. 10.1093/tropej/46.2.111
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Jenkins TC, McGuire MA: Major advances in nutrition: impact on milk composition. J Dairy Sci. 2006, 89: 1302-10.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Mosley EE, Shafii Dagger B, Moate PJ, McGuire MA: cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid is synthesized directly from vaccenic acid in lactating dairy cattle. J Nutr. 2006, 136: 570-75.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Palmquist DL, Beaulieu AD, Barbano DM: Feed and animal factors influencing milk fat composition. J Dairy Sci. 1993, 76: 1753-71.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Ekern A, Havrevoll Ø, Haug A, Berg J, Lindstad P, Skeie S: Oat and barley based concentrate supplements for dairy cows. Acta Agric Scand., Sect A, Animal Sci. 2003, 53: 65-73. 10.1080/09064700310012476.
CAS
Google Scholar
Chilliard Y, Ferlay A: Dietary lipids and forages interactions on cow and goat milk fatty acid composition and sensory properties. Reprod Nutr Dev. 2004, 44: 467-92. 10.1051/rnd:2004052
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Ward AT, Wittenberg KM, Froebe HM, Przybylski R, Malcolmson L: Fresh forage and solin supplementation on conjugated linoleic acid levels in plasma and milk. J Dairy Sci. 2003, 86: 1742-50.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Meltretter J, Seeber S, Humeny A, Becker CM, Pischetsrieder M: Site-Specific Formation of Maillard, Oxidation, and Condensation Products from Whey Proteins during Reaction with Lactose. J Agric Food Chem. 2007, 55: 6096-103. 10.1021/jf0705567
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Neville MC, Zhang P, Allen JC: Minerals, ions and trace elements in milk. Handbook of milk composition. Edited by: Jensen RG. 1995, 543-575. Academic Press, USA.
Google Scholar
Casey CE, Smith A, Zhang P: Microminerals in human and animal milk. Handbook of milk composition. Edited by: Jensen RG. 1995, 543-575. Academic Press, USA.
Google Scholar
Ortman K, Pehrson B: Effect of selenate as a feed supplement to dairy cows in comparison to selenite and selenium yeast. J Anim Sci. 1999, 77: 3365-70.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Crout NM, Voigt G: Modeling the dynamics of radioiodine in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 1996, 79: 254-9.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Dahl L, Opsahl JA, Meltzer HM, Julshamn K: Iodine concentration in Norwegian milk and dairy products. Br J Nutr. 2003, 90: 679-85. 10.1079/BJN2003921
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Jensen RG: Fat soluble vitamins in bovine milk. Handbook of milk composition. Edited by: Jensen RG. 1995, 718-725. Academic Press, USA.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Syvaoja EL, Piironen V, Varo P, Koivistoinen P, Salminen K: Tocopherols and tocotrienols in Finnish foods: Dairy products and eggs. Milchwissenschaft. 1985, 40: 467-69.
CAS
Google Scholar
McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD, Morgan CA: Animal nutrition. 2002, Pearson, Prentice Hall, UK, Sixth edition.
Google Scholar