Abstract
A continuing objective in the area of energetic materials is to reduce sensitivity toward impact and shock. One approach is to develop a better understanding of how factors related to the crystal lattice, e.g., defects, influence the initiation and propagation of detonation. Molecular dynamics is a useful tool for this purpose. This paper presents an overview of molecular dynamics treatments of energetic solids. Some of these have simulated initiation and propagation in idealized systems; others have focused on developing a satisfactory procedure for describing molecular crystals of practical significance. Our emphasis in this discussion is on the progress that has been made along the second lines.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Iyer, S.; Slagg, N., in Structure and Reactivity; J. F. Liebman, A. Greenberg, Eds.; VCH: New York, 1988; Chap. 27.
Kohler, J.; Meyer, R., Explosives, 4th edn.; VCH: New York, 1993.
Connor, J., in Chemistry and Physics of Energetic Materials;S.N. Bulusu, Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, 1990; Chap. 24.
Urbanski, T., Chemistry and Technology of Explosives; Pergamon Press: New York, 1984; Vol. 4.
Murray, J. S.; Politzer, P., in Chemistry and Physics of Energetic Materials; S. N. Bulusu, ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, 1990; Chap. 8.
Politzer, P.; Murray, J. S., in Pauling's Legacy-Modern Modelling of the Chemical Bond, Z. B. Maksic, W. J. Orville-Thomas, Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1999; Chap. 12.
Politzer, P.; Alper, H. E., in Computational Chemistry: Reviews of Current Trends; J. Leszczynski, Ed.; World Scientific: Singapore, 1999; (Vol. 4; Chap. 6.)
Brenner, D. W.; White, C. T.; Elert, M. L.; Walker, F. E., Int. J. Quantum Chem., Quantum Chem. Symp. 1989, 23, 333.
Haskins, P. J.; Cook, M. D.; Fellows, J. F.; Wood, A., in Proceedings of the Eleventh Symposium (International) on Detonation; Office of Naval Research: Arlington, VA; 1998.
Maffre, P.; Peyrard, M., Phys. Rev. B 1992, 45, 9551.
Tokmakoff, A.; Fayer, M. D.; Dlott, D. D., J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 1901.
Karo, A. M.; Hardy, J. R.; Walker, F. E., Acta Astronaut. 1978, 5, 1041.
Tsai, D. H.; Trevino, S. F., J. Chem. Phys. 1984, 81, 5636.
Elert, M. L.; Deaven, D. M.; Brenner, D. W.; White, C. T., Phys. Rev. B 1989, 39, 1453.
Lambrakos, S. G.; Peyrard, M., J. Chem. Phys. 1990, 93, 4329.
Brenner, D. W.; Robertson, D. H.; Elert, M. L.; White, C. T., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1993, 70, 2174.
Robertson, A. J. B.; Yoffe, A. D., Nature (London) 1948, 161, 806.
Bowden, F. P.; Yoffe, A. D., Initiation and Growth of Explosion in Liquids and Solids; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK; 1952.
Wenograd, J., Trans. Faraday Soc. 1961, 57, 1612.
Graham, R. A., J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 3048.
Walker, F. E., Propell. Explos. 1982, 7,2.
Coffey, C. S.; Toton, E. T., J. Chem. Phys. 1982, 76, 949.
Dlott, D. D.; Fayer, M. D., J. Chem. Phys. 1990, 92, 3798.
Field, J. E., Account. Chem. Res. 1992, 25, 489.
Phillips, L., Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1993, 296, 155.
Sinkovits, R. S.; Phillips, L.; Oran, E. S.; Boris, J. P., Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1993, 296, 161.
Davis, L. L.; Brower, K. R., J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 18775.
Bowden, F. P.; Yoffe, A. D., Fast Reactions in Solids; Butterworths: London, 1958.
Kamlet, M. J.; Adolph, H. G., Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium (International) on Detonation, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Silver Springs, MD, Report NSWCMP-82-334, 1981; p. 84.
Sharma, J.; Hoffsommer, J. C.; Glover, D. J.; Coffey, C. S.; Santiago, F.; Stolovy, A.; Yasuda, S., in Shock Waves in Condensed Matter; J. R. Asay, R. A. Graham, G. K. Straub, Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1984; p. 543.
Fried, L. E.; Ruggiero, A. J., J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 9786.
Tsai, D. H.; Armstrong, R. W., J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 10997.
Mintmire, J. W.; Robertson, D. H.; White, C. T., Phys. Rev. B 1994, 49, 14859.
Tarver, C. M.; Chidester, S. K.; Nichols, A. L., III, J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 5794.
Tsai, D. H., Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1996, 418, 281.
Holmes, W.; Francis, R. S.; Fayer, M. D., J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 110, 3576.
Armstrong, R. W.; Coffey, C. S.; DeVost, V. F.; Elban, W. L., J. Appl. Phys. 1990, 68, 979.
Tsai, D. H., J. Chem. Phys. 1991, 95, 7497.
Sharma, J.; Coffey, C. S.; Ramaswamy, A. L.; Armstrong, R. W., Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1996, 418, 257.
White, C. T.; Barrett, J. J. C.; Mintmire, J. W.; Elert, M. L.; Robertson, D. H., Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1996, 418, 277.
Hong, X.; Chen, S.; Dlott, D. D., J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 9102.
Hong, X.; Hill, J. R.; Dlott, D. D., Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1996, 418, 357.
Lambrakos, S. G.; Peyrard, M.; Oran, E. S.; Boris, J. P., Phys. Rev. B 1989, 39, 993.
McNesby, K. L.; Coffey, C. S., J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 3097.
Allen, M. P.; Tildesley, D. J., Computer Simulation of Liquids; Oxford University Press: Oxford; 1987.
Haile, J. M., Molecular Dynamics Simulation: Elementary Methods; Wiley: New York, 1992.
Frenkel, D.; Smit, B., Understanding Molecular Simulation; Academic Press: New York, 1996.
Balbuena, P. B.; Seminario, J. M., Ed.; Molecular Dynamics. From Classical to Quantum Methods; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1999.
Verlet, L., Phys. Rev. 1967, 159, 98.
Berne, B. J., in Encyclopedia of Computational Chemistry; P. von R. Schleyer, Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1998; Vol. 3; p. 1614.
Car, R.; Parrinello, M., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1985, 55, 2471.
Car, R.; Parrinello, M., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1992, 69, 462.
Tuckerman, M. E.; Ungar, P. J.; Rosenvinge, T. v.; Klein, M. L., J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 12878.
Tuckerman, M. E.; Klein, M. L., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1998, 283, 147.
Alper, H. E.; Politzer, P., in Molecular Dynamics. From Classical to Quantum Methods; P. B. Balbuena, J. M. Seminario, Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1999; Chap. 17.
Daw, M. S.; Baskes, I., Phys. Rev. B 1984, 29, 6443.
Finnis, M. W.; Sinclair, J. E., Phil. Mag. 1984, 50, 45.
Rosato, M.; Guillope, M.; Legrande, B., Phil. Mag. 1989, 59, 321.
Guillope, M.; Legrande, B., Surf. Sci. 1989, 215, 577.
Cai, J.; Ye, Y. Y., Phys. Rev. B 1996, 54, 8398.
Payne, M. C.; Robertson, I. J.; Thomson, D.; Heine, V., Phil. Mag. B 1996, 73, 191.
Rice, B. M.; Thompson, D. L., J. Chem. Phys. 1990, 93, 7986.
Wodtke, A. M.; Hintsa, E. J.; Lee, Y. T., J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 3549.
Sewell, T. D.; Thompson, D. L., J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 6228.
Chambers, C. C.; Thompson, D. L., J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 15881.
Guo, Y.; Thompson, D. L., J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 10599.
Sewell, T. D.; Chambers, C. C.; Thompson, D. L.; Levine, R. D., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1993, 208, 125.
Wallis, E. P.; Thompson, D. L., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1992, 189, 363.
Wallis, E. P.; Thompson, D. L., J. Chem. Phys. 1993, 99, 2661.
Adams, G. F.; Shaw, R. W., Jr., Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 1992, 43, 311.
Zhao, X.; Hintsa, E. J.; Lee, Y. T., J. Chem. Phys. 1988, 88, 801.
Botcher, T. R.; Wight, C. A., J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 9149.
Chakraborty, D.; Muller, R. P.; Dasgupta, S.; Goddard, W. A., III, J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 2261.
Kohno, Y.; Ueda, K.; Imamura, A., J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 4701.
Kohno, Y.; Maekawa, K.; Tsuchioka, T.; Hashizume, T.; Imamura, A., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1993, 214, 603.
Kohno, Y.; Maekawa, K.; Tsuchioka, T.; Hashizume, T.; Imamura, A., Combust. Flame 1994, 96, 343.
Kamlet, M. J., Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium (International) on Detonation; Office of Naval Research, Report ACR 221, 1976; p. 312.
Sharma, J.; Owens, F. J., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1979, 61, 280.
Bulusu, S.; Axenrod, T., Organ. Mass Spectrosc. 1979, 14, 585.
Zeman, S.; Dimun, M.; Truchlik, S., Thermochim. Acta 1984, 78, 181.
Gonzalez, A. C.; Larson, C. W.; McMillen, D. F.; Golden, D. M., J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 4809.
Owens, F. J.; Sharma, J., J. Appl. Phys. 1985, 51, 1494.
Tsang, W.; Robaugh, D.; Mallard, W. G., J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 5968.
Capellos, C.; Papagiannakopoulous, P.; Liang, Y.-L., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1989, 164, 533.
Wight, C. A.; Botcher, T. R., J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8303.
Brill, T. B.; James, K. J., J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 8752, 8759.
Pace, M. D., J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 6251.
Oxley, J. C.; Smith, J. L.; Ye, H.; McKenney, R. L., Bolduc, P. R., J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 9593.
Sorescu, D. C.; Rice, B. M.; Thompson, D. L., J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 798.
Sorescu, D. C.; Rice, B. M.; Thompson, D. L., J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 948.
Sorescu, D. C.; Rice, B. M.; Thompson, D. L., J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 6692.
Sorescu, D. C.; Rice, B. M.; Thompson, D. L., J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 8386.
Sorescu, D. C.; Rice, B. M.; Thompson, D. L., J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 989.
Sorescu, D. C.; Rice, B. M.; Thompson, D. L., J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 6783.
Seminario, J. M.; Concha, M. C.; Politzer, P., J. Chem. Phys. 1995, 102, 8281.
Seminario, J. M.; Concha, M. C.; Politzer, P., Intern. J. Quantum Chem. Quantum Chem. Symp. 1995, 29, 621.
Alper, H. E.; Abu-Awwad, F.; Politzer, P., J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 9738.
Smith, G. D.; Bharadwaj, R. K.; Bedrov, D.; Ayyagari, C., J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 705.
Sun, H., J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 7338.
Bunte, S. W.; Sun, H., J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 2477.
Sorescu, D. C.; Rice, B. M.; Thompson, D. L., J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 8406.
Sorescu, D. C.; Thompson, D. L., J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 6774.
Sorescu, D. C.; Thompson, D. L., J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 720.
Choi, C. S.; Prince, E., Acta Crystallogs. 1972, B28, 2857.
Karpowicz, R. J.; Brill, T. B., J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 348.
Shishkov, I. F.; Vilkov, L. V.; Kolonits, M.; Rozsondai, B., Struct. Chem. 1991, 2, 57.
Harris, N. J.; Lammertsma, K., J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 6583.
Rice, B. M.; Chabalowski, C. F., J. Phys. Chem. A 1997, 101, 8720.
Karpowicz, R. J.; Brill, T. B., J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 2109.
Stals, J., Austr. J. Chem. 1969, 22, 2505.
Jorgensen, W. L., in Encyclopedia of Computational Chemistry, von R. Schleyer, Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1998; Vol. 3; p. 1754.
Jacobsen, J.; Cooper, B. H.; Sethna, J. P., Phys. Rev. B 1998, 58, 15847.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Politzer, P., Boyd, S. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Energetic Solids. Structural Chemistry 13, 105–113 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015748330357
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015748330357