Abstract
The presence of bicarbonate in soils is an important inducer of nutritional deficiencies in some grapevine genotypes. The aim of this experiment was to assess the effects of different nitrogen sources on physiological variables in the grapevine rootstock 110 Richter grown in a sub-alkaline media. Plants of the grapevine rootstock 110 Richter were treated with different nitrogen sources (NO3−, NH4+, or NH4NO3) in a nutrient solution enriched with bicarbonate. Root enzyme (PEPC, MDH, CS, NADP+-IDH) activities, organic acid concentrations in roots, plant growth and leaf greenness, leaf gas exchange, and mineral concentrations in leaves were determined. The presence of NH4+ promoted an enhancement in leaf greenness, and the treated plants did not trigger physiological response mechanisms to nutritional deficiencies in the roots. However, NH4+ decreased the leaf K concentration. On the other hand, the presence of NO3− in the nutrient solution decreased the leaf greenness, and increased the organic acid concentration in the roots, indicating that these plants were affected by nutritional deficiencies. Instead, intermediate results were obtained in plants treated with NH4NO3. Under the experimental conditions used in this experiment, treatments did not significantly influence the plant biomass, the activity of some enzymes related to organic acids biosynthesis, and the leaf gas exchange. These results suggest that the presence of NH4+ can be an effective strategy to alleviate the negative effects on plant nutrition induced by bicarbonate in plants, an alternative to the soil acidification through inorganic acid applications to the soil.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bertrand M, Poirier I (2005) Photosynthetic organisms and excess of metals. Photosynthetica 43(3):345–353
Cambrollé J, García JL, Figueroa ME, Cantos M (2014) Physiological responses to soil lime in wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris). Environ Exp Bot 105:25–31
Chen Y, Wang Y, Yeh K (2017) Role of root exudates in metal acquisition and tolerance. Curr Opin Plant Biol 39:66–72
Chollet R, Vidal J, O’Leary MH (1996) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase: a ubiquitous, highly regulated enzyme in plants. Annu Rev Plant Phys 47:273–298
Covarrubias JI, Rombolà AD (2013) Physiological and biochemical responses of the iron chlorosis tolerant grapevine rootstock 140 Ruggeri to iron deficiency and bicarbonate. Plant Soil 370(1–2):305–315
Covarrubias JI, Rombolà AD (2015) Organic acids metabolism in roots of grapevine rootstocks under severe iron deficiency. Plant Soil 394(1–2):165–175
Covarrubias JI, Pisi A, Rombolá AD (2014) Evaluation of sustainable management techniques for preventing iron chlorosis in the grapevine. Aust J Grape Wine Res 20:149–159
Covarrubias JI, Retamales C, Donnini S, Rombolà AD, Pastenes C (2016) Contrasting physiological responses to iron deficiency in cabernet sauvignon grapevines grafted on two rootstocks. Sci Hortic 199:1–8
Donnini S, De Nisi P, Gabotti D, Tato L, Zocchi G (2012) Adaptive strategies of Parietaria diffusa (M.&K.) to calcareous habitat with limited iron availability. Plant. Cell Environ 35(6):1171–1184
Foyer CH, Parry M, Noctor G (2003) Markers and signals associated with nitrogen assimilation in higher plants. J Exp Bot 54:585–593
Granja F, Covarrubias JI (2018) Evaluation of acidifying nitrogen fertilizers in avocado trees with iron deficiency symptoms. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 18(1):157–172
Jelali N, Wissal M, Dell’orto M, Abdellya C, Gharsallia M, Zocchi G (2010) Changes of metabolic responses to direct and induced Fe deficiency of two Pisum sativum cultivars. Environ Exp Bot 68:238–246
Jimenez S, Gogorcena Y, Hévin C, Rombolà AD, Ollat N (2007) Nitrogen nutrition influences some biochemical responses to iron deficiency in tolerant and sensitive genotypes of Vitis. Plant Soil 290:343–355
Keller M, Kummer M, Vasconcelos MC (2001) Soil nitrogen utilisation for growth and gas exchange by grapevines in response to nitrogen supply and rootstock. Aust J Grape Wine Res 7:2–11
Kosegarten H, Hoffmann B, Mengel K (2001) The paramount influence of nitrate in increasing apopastic pH of young sunflower leaves to induce Fe deficiency chlorosis, and the re-greening effect brought about by acidic foliar sprays. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 164:155–163
Kronzucker HJ, Szczerba MW, Britto DT (2003) Cytosolic potassium homeostasis revisited: 42K-tracer analysis reveals setpoint variations in [K+]. Planta 217:540–546
Liu Z, He T, Cao T, Yang T, Meng J, Chen W (2017) Effects of biochar application on nitrogen leaching, ammonia volatilization and nitrogen use efficiency in two distinct soils. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 17(2):515–528
López-Millán AF, Morales F, Andaluz S, Gogorcena Y, Abadía A, De Las Rivas J, Abadía J (2000) Responses of sugar beet roots to iron deficiency. Changes in carbon assimilation and oxygen use. Plant Physiol 124:885–897
Loulakakis KA, Morot-Gaudry JF, Velanis CN, Skopelitis DS, Moschou PN, Hirel B, Roubelakis-Angelakis KA (2009) Advancements in nitrogen metabolism in grapevine. In: Roubelakis-Angelakis KA (ed) Grapevine molecular physiology & biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 161–205
Lucena C, Romera FJ, Rojas CL, García MJ, Alcántara E, Pérez-Vicente R (2007) Bicarbonate blocks the expression of several genes involved in the physiological responses to Fe deficiency of strategy I plants. Funct Plant Biol 34:1002–1009
M’sehli W, Dell’Orto M, De Nisi P, Donnini S, Abdelly C, Zocchi G, Gharsalli M (2009) Responses of two ecotypes of Medicago ciliaris to direct and bicarbonate-induced iron deficiency conditions. Acta Physiol Plant 31:667–673
Mengel K, Planker R, Hoffmann B (1994) Relationship between leaf apoplast pH and iron chlorosis of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J Plant Nutr 17:1053–1065
Morales F, Belkhodja R, Abadía A, Abadía J (2000) Photosystem II efficiency and mechanisms of energy dissipation in iron-deficient, field-grown pear trees (Pyrus communis L.). Photosynth Res 63:9–21
Murtaza B, Murtaza G, Imran M, Amjad M, Naeem A, Shah GM, Wakeel A (2017) Yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice-wheat cropping system in gypsum amended saline-sodic soil. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 17(3):686–701
Neumann G (2006) Root exudates and organic composition of plant roots. In: Luster J, Finlay R (eds) Handbook of methods used in rhizosphere research. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, p 536
Nieves-Cordones M, Alemán F, Martínez V, Rubio F (2014) K+ uptake in plant roots. The systems involved, their regulation and parallels in other organisms. J Plant Physiol 171(9):688–695
Nikolic M, Römheld V, Merkt N (2000) Effect of bicarbonate on uptake and translocation of 59Fe in two grapevine rootstocks differing in their resistance to Fe deficiency chlorosis. Vitis 39(4):145–149
Ollat N, Laborde B, Neveux M, Diakou-Verdin P, Renaud C, Moing A (2003) Organic acid metabolism in roots of various grapevine (Vitis) rootstocks submitted to iron deficiency and bicarbonate nutrition. J Plant Nutr 26(10&11):2165–2176
Römheld V (2000) The chlorosis paradox: Fe inactivation as a secondary event in chlorotic leaves of grapevine. J Plant Nutr 23(11–12):1629–1643
Santa-María GE, Danna CH, Czibener C (2000) High-affinity potassium transport in barley roots. Ammonium sensitive and insensitive pathways. Plant Physiol 123:297–306
Scheible WR, Morcuende R, Czechowski T, Fritz C, Osuna D, Palacios-Rojas N, Schindelasch D, Thimm O, Udvardiand MK, Stitt M (2004) Genome-wide reprogramming of primary and secondary metabolism, protein synthesis, cellular growth processes, and the regulatory infrastructure of Arabidopsis in response to nitrogen. Plant Physiol 136(1):2483–2499
Szczerba, M.W., Britto, D.T., Ali, S.A., Balkos, K.D., Kronzucker, H.J. 2008. NH4 +-stimulated and-inhibited components of K+ transport in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Exp Bot 59(12), 3415–3423
Acknowledgments
This study has been supported by the Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT) of Chile (project “Desarrollo del Área de Nutrición Vegetal en el Departamento de Producción Agrícola de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas de la Universidad de Chile” - PAI - No 7912010003).
Funding
This study was funded by the Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT) of Chile (project “Desarrollo del Área de Nutrición Vegetal en el Departamento de Producción Agrícola de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas de la Universidad de Chile” - PAI - No 7912010003).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Molina, J., Covarrubias, J.I. Influence of Nitrogen on Physiological Responses to Bicarbonate in a Grapevine Rootstock. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 19, 305–312 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00030-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00030-1