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Mutual inhibition of Aspergillus flavus and Auricularia auricula mycelium for the prevention of competing diseases during growth of fungi

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Abstract

Auricularia auricula is one of the main edible fungi widely cultivated in China. Aspergillus flavus is the most common class of pathogenic bacteria fungi that produces the high toxicity of the aflatoxins, which is one of the fungal diseases of A. auricula. Morphological observation of A. flavus mycelium and A. auricula mycelium in plate confrontation, mutual inhibition of growth at different germination times, and the interaction of A. flavus liquid culture solution and A. flavus volatiles with A. auricula mycelium were used to investigate the mechanism of the interaction between A. flavus and A. auricula mycelium. Mycelium of A. auricula and A. flavus had a mutual inhibitory effect, but A. auricula mycelia had a stronger inhibitory effect on the growth of A. flavus mycelia. The results of the interaction between A. flavus volatiles and A. auricula volatiles were also the same and the inhibition of A. flavus by volatiles from A. auricula mycelium about 11%. After 240 h, the inhibition rate of A. flavus liquid culture solution on A. auricula mycelium reached up to about 20%. Some antimicrobial substances such as small peptides and organic acids produced in the metabolites of A. flavus liquid culture solution were the main reasons of the growth inhibition of A. auricula mycelium. The main inhibitory substances were 2-butanone, 2-butanone dimer, etc. Further study of AFT B1 and AFT B2 revealed that aflatoxins could migrate from the medium to the mycelia and the fruiting body of A. auricula, but the migration rate was basically lower than 10‱. The mycelia of A. auricula had a strong degradation of aflatoxins in the growth process. So, the mechanism of antifungal activity of these substances was studied to provide a theoretical basis for future chemical synthesis.

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Funding

This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Projects during the 13th Five Year Plan (2019YFC1606702); by the Key Laboratory of Selenium-rich Product Development and Quality Control of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs opening project, China (Se-2021C06); and the Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program of China (2024NC-YBXM-186). The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University, Arar, KSA, for funding this research work through the project number “NBU-FPEJ-2024–540-03.” ZW would like to acknowledge the support from Oakland University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119, China

    Mengjie Yang, Haisheng Zhang, Hui Dang, Baoshan Zhang & Yu Zhao

  2. Chemistry Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA

    Ethan Burcar, William Winchester, Erin Witherspoon & Zhe Wang

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City , Cairo, 11884, Egypt

    Zeinhom M. El-Bahy

  4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed H. Helal

  5. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, PO Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed A. Amin

  6. Key Laboratory of Selenium-Rich Product Development and Quality Controlof the, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Ankang, 725000, China

    Xianpan Bu

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  1. Mengjie Yang
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  2. Haisheng Zhang
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Contributions

Haisheng Zhang, Hui Dang, and Zhe Wang designed this project and contributed to the main manuscript text. Mengjie Yang conducted experiments and wrote the main manuscript text. Baoshan Zhang, Ethan Burcar, Erin Witherspoon, William Winchester, Zeinhom M. El-Bahy, Mohamed H. Helal, Mohammed A. Amin, Yu Zhao, and Xianpan Bu have contributed to conducting the experiments, preparing figures, and writing. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Yang, M., Zhang, H., Burcar, E. et al. Mutual inhibition of Aspergillus flavus and Auricularia auricula mycelium for the prevention of competing diseases during growth of fungi. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 7, 89 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-024-00898-3

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