Abstract
The karyological study of four species (11 populations) of the genus Festuca L. from different geographic origins is presented. Basic chromosome number in all populations was x = 7. A large variety of ploidy levels ranging from diploids to octoploids was obtained in different species and populations. Chromosomes of all populations were mostly metacentric (m) and sub-metacentric (sm). According to intrachromosomal asymmetry, F. rubra (8308) and F. pratensis (9623) had the most asymmetrical karyotypes and F. ovina (2127 and 2357) had the most symmetrical karyotype among all populations. While based on interchromosomal asymmetry, among diploid populations, F. pratensis (4363) and among hexaploid populations, F. arundinacea (3996) had the most asymmetrical karyotype. The results of analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the populations based on all karyotypic characteristics (p < 5%) except for A2. The results of cluster analysis showed that populations have been grouped in three clusters. Detailed karyotype analysis allows us to group different populations and interpret their relationships.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albers F, Probsting W (1998) Chromosomenatlas der Farn- und Blutenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen R, Haeupler H (eds) Standardliste der Farn- und Blutenpflanzen Deutschlands-Stuttgart. Bundesamt fur Naturschutz and Verlag, Stuttgart, pp 562–616
Arohonka T (1982) Chromosome counts of vascular plants of the island Seili in Nauvo, southwestern Finland. Turun Yliopiston Julkai: Sarja A Biologia-Geographia 3:1–12
Bor NL (1970) Festuca. In: Reschinger KH (ed) Flora Iranica. Akademische Druck. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp 105–141
Bulinska-Radomska Z, Lester RN (1986) Phylogeny of chromosome races of Festuca arundinacea and F. mairei (Poaceae) as indicated by seed protein electrophoresis. Plant Syst Evol 152:153–166
Camacho JPM, Sharbel TF, Beukeboon LW (2000) B-chromosome evolution. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 355:163–178
Clayton WD, Renovize SA (1986) Genera Gramium. Grasses of the world. KewBull Addit Ser 13:389
Darbyshire SJ, Soreng R, Stančík D, Koch SD (2003) Festuca. In: Soreng RJ, Peterson PM, Davidse G, Judziewicz EJ, Zuloaga FO, Filgueiras TS, Morrone O (eds) Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contributions from the united States National Herbarium, vol 48. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., pp 312–369
De Sequeira MM, Diaz-Perez A, Santos-Guerra A, Viruel J, Catalan P (2009) Karyological analysis of the five native Macaronesian Festuca (Gramineae) grasses supports a distinct diploid origin of two schizoendemic groups. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 66(1):55–63
Dubcovsky J, Martinez AJ (1991) Chromosome complement and nucleoli in the Festuca pallescens alliance from South America. Can J Bot 69:2756–2761
Dubcovsky J, Martinez A (1992) Distribucion geografica de los niveles de ploidia en Festuca. Parodiana 7:91–99
Falistocco E (1990) The morphologic and meiotic behaviour of B-chromosome in Festuca pratensis. Ann di Bot 48:71–80
Fuente V, Ferrero LM, Ortunez E (2001) Chromosome counts in the genus Festuca L. section Festuca (Poaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula. Bot J Linn Soc 137:385–398
Ghorai A, Sharma A (1981) Chromosome studies in some Festuceae. J Indian Bot Soc 60:148–153
Hand ML, Cogan NOI, Stewart AV, Forster JW (2010) Evolutionary history of tall fescue morphotypes inferred from molecular phylogenetics of the Lolium–Festuca species complex. BMC Evol Biol 10:303
Hesamzadeh Hejazi SM, Rasuli M (2006) Cytogenetic study of some species of Vetch Genus (Vicia sp.) in Iran. Iran J Agric Sci 37-1(2):213–225
Hesamzadeh Hejazi SM, Ziaei Nasab M (2009) Cytogenetic study on several populations of diploid species of Onobrychis in natural gene bank of Iran. Iran J Rangel For Plant Breed Genet Res 16(2):158–171
Hesamzadeh Hejazi SM, Ziaei Nasab M (2010) Cytotaxonomy of some Onobrychis (Fabaceae) species and populations in Iran. Caryologia 63(1):8–31
Huziwara Y (1962) Karyotype analysis in some genera of Compositae. Further studies on the chromosome of Aster. Am J Bot 49:116–119
Jauhar PP, Crane CF (1990) Meiotic behavior and effects of B-chromosomes in Tall fescue. J Hered 81:156–159
Javadi H, Hesamzadeh Hejazi SM, Sh Babayev M (2009) Karyotypic studies of three Thymus (Lamiaceae) species and populations in Iran. Caryologia 62(4):316–325
Kotseruba VV (1999) Banding pattern of chromosomes of Festuca pratensis Huds. Citologija 41(1):87–90
Levan A, Fredga K, Sandberg A (1964) Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas 52:201–220
Levitsky GA, Kuzmina NE (1927) Karyological investigations on the systematics and phylogenetics of the genus Festuca. Trudy Prikl Bot Genet Selek 17:3–21
Loureiro J, Kopecky D, Castro S, Santos C, Silveira P (2007) Flow cytometric and cytogenetic analyses of Iberian Peninsula Festuca spp. Plant Syst Evol 269(1):89–105
Lovkvist B, Hultgard UM (1999) Chromosome numbers in south Swedish vascular plants. Opera Bot 137:1–42
Majidi MM, Mirlohi A (2010) Genetic similarities among Iranian populations of Festuca, Lolium, Bromus and Agropyron using amplified fragments length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Iran J Biotechnol 8(1):16–23
Malik CP, Thomas PT (1966) Chromosome polymorphism in Festuca arundinacea. Chromosoma 18:1–18
Mesquita DR, Porto JIR, Feldberg E (2008) Chromosomal variability in the wild ornamental species of Symphysodon (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Amazon. Neotrop Ichthyol 6(2):181–190
Mirjani L, Ghamari Zare A, Mirzaei Nadoushan H, Bakhshi Khaniki Gh (2005) Karyotipic investigations in several populations of Festuca arundinacea. Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi 17(65):84–90
Mizianty M, Pawlus M (1984) Chromosome numbers of some Polish species from the genus Festuca, group Ovina (part 1). Fragm Florist Geobot 28:363–369
Ohri D (1998) Genome size variation and plant systematics. Ann Bot 82:75–83
Ospina-Gonzalez JC (2016) New lectotypifications and new synonyms in Festuca (Poaceae, Pooideae, Loliinae) from the Central Andes. Phytotaxa 247(4):247–258
Parsa A (1950) Festuca L. In: Parsa A (ed) Flore del Iran, vol 5. Publication du Ministere de L'education Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Tehran, Tehran, pp 736–745
Reeves A, Tear J (2000) MicroMeasure for Windows, version 3.3. http://www.colostate.edu/depts/biology/micromeasure
Romero-Zarco C (1986) A new method for estimating karyotype asymmetry. Taxon 35:526–530
Salehi M, Hesamzadeh Hejazi SM, Tabaei Aghdaei SR (2014) Cytogenetic studies of two Dracocephalum (Lamiaceae) species and populations in Iran. Int J Biosci 4(9):100–108
Seal AG (1983) DNA variation in Festuca. Heredity 50:225–236
Sheidai M, Fadael F (2005) Cytogenetic studies in some Bromus L. species. J Genet 84:189–194
Sheidai M, Jalilian N (2008) Karyotypic study of some Iranian species and populations of Lotus L. Acta Bot Croat 67(1):45–52
Sheidai M, Noormohamadi Z (2006) Cytotoxonomic studies in eleven Canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Iran J Sci Technol Trans A Sci 30(1):81–90
Sheidai M, Shabestarei EB (2007) Cytotaxonomy of some Festuca species and populations in Iran. Acta Bot Croat 66(2):143–151
Smarda P, Koci K (2003) Chromosome number variability in Central European members of the Festuca ovina and F. pallens groups (sect Festuca). Folia Geobot 38:65–95
Smarda P, Bures P, Horova L, Foggi B, Rossi G (2008) Genome size and GC content evolution of Festuca: ancestral expansion and subsequent reduction. Ann Bot 101(3):421–433
Soreng RJ, Davis JI (1998) Phylogenetic and character evolution in the grass family (Poaceae): simultaneous analysis of morphology and chloroplast DNA restriction site character sets. Bot Rev 64:1–85
Soreng RJ, Peterson PM, Romaschenko K, Davidse G, Zuloaga FO, Judziewicz EJ, Filgueiras TS, Davis JI, Morrone O (2015) A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae). J Syst Evol 53(2):117–137
Stebbins GL (1971) Chromosomal evolution in higher plants. Edward Arnold, London
Turgen AJ (1985) Turf grass managements. Reston Publishing Company, Reston Virginia, p 416
Tzvelev NN (1976) Grasses of the Soviet Union. Zlaki SSSR, Naukova Dumka, Leningrad
Ward JH (1963) Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. J Am Stat Assoc 58:236–244
Ziaei Nasab M, Hesamzadeh Hejazi SM, Bihamta MR, Mirza M, Naderi-Shahab MA (2012) Assessment of karyotypical variation among 16 populations of Thymus daenensis Celak and Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. Species in Iran. Afr J Biotechnol 11(5):1028–1036
Acknowledgements
There are not any people or organizations to be acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bagheri Abyaneh, E., Hesamzadeh Hejazi, S.M., Gholami, S. et al. Study on the Cytotaxonomy of Some Species of the Genus Festuca (Poaceae). Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci 42, 1689–1696 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-017-0148-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-017-0148-6