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Comparative chromosomal features and new karyological data in Salvia: B-chromosomes, polyploidy, dysploidy and symmetric karyotypes

  • Genetics & Evolutionary Biology - Original Article
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Abstract

The genus Salvia is characterized by such small chromosomes, which has so far restricted the cytogenetic studies. Therefore, karyomorphological aspects of the chromosome complement were rarely analyzed in the genus. The aim of this study was to report the interspecific relationships and new chromosomal data in Salvia. The chromosomal records of 25 taxa were herein provided, 8 of which were reported for the first time, 3 presented new chromosome numbers, and 14 agreed previous reports. In addition, a detailed chromosomal data of 16 taxa were provided. Eleven different chromosome numbers (2n = 12, 14, 16, 18, 22, 26, 28, 36, 38, 42, and 52) were found by the basic number of 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 13. S. candelabrum was the only taxon with B-chromosomes. Salvia algeriensis had different chromosome numbers with probably dysploidy mechanisms. The polyploidy was demonstrated by the prevalence of cells with 2n = 4x = 28, 36, and 52 (tetraploid) and 2n = 6x = 42 (hexaploid). No clear relationship was observed between basic numbers/ploidy level and subgenera. Salvia taxa had different karyotypes in terms of asymmetry degrees, which had relatively low asymmetry in nine taxa, average asymmetry in five taxa, higher intrachromosomal asymmetry in S. glutinosa, and higher interchromosomal asymmetry in S. interrupta. S. taraxacifolia, S. canescens, S. jurisicii, and S. nutans were cytotaxonomically very close species by basic numbers of x = 11 and 13. The possible ancestral number is x = 11. The results contributed to some missing parts in Salvia cytotaxonomy.

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Acknowledgements

Mr. Robin Middleton, passed away last year, provided the studied nutlets. We want to thank to him.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey

    Esra Martin

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey

    Ferhat Celep

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey

    Halil Erhan Eroğlu

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  1. Esra Martin
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  2. Ferhat Celep
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  3. Halil Erhan Eroğlu
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Contributions

FC provided the plant material; EM and FC designed and applied the cytogenetics experiments and measured the chromosomes; HEE made the data analysis, asymmetry index calculations, drawings of ideogram and dendrogram, and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Halil Erhan Eroğlu.

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Martin, E., Celep, F. & Eroğlu, H.E. Comparative chromosomal features and new karyological data in Salvia: B-chromosomes, polyploidy, dysploidy and symmetric karyotypes. Braz. J. Bot 45, 625–634 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-022-00796-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-022-00796-2

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