Abstract
Salt stress is a major factor affecting rice (Oryza sativa) growth and productivity, limiting its distribution globally. Rice production is primarily gets affected due to its vulnerability to salinity stress at seedling stage, as well as reproductive stage leading to reduction in yield. We report the analysis of 12 diverse rice genotypes collected from different parts of coastal places of northern Andra Pradesh and southern Orissa in India for salt tolerance and categorized their tolerance levels on the basis of reduction in growth and transcript expression pattern. The analysis identified four contrasting salt tolerant genotypes and other eight genotypes exhibited moderate tolerance. Two tolerant and two sensitive genotypes were biochemically explored and used further for gene expression analysis. Proline content showed significant difference between salt tolerant and sensitive genotypes suggesting high tolerance level in tolerant CR1014 and Kudrat-5. The gene-expression analysis of selected CR1014 (salt-tolerant) and Kudrat-5 (salt-sensitive) genotypes differed at transcript expression levels for antioxidant specific A2YPX2/plant peroxidase—POX (19.03-fold) and SODCP/superoxide dismutase (SOD) copper/zinc binding (3.77-fold) in shoots of Kudrat-5 and CATA1/catalase (2.49-fold) and SODCP/SOD copper/zinc binding (4.83-fold) in CR1014 in stress conditions). The salt-stress responsive-specific transcripts HAK17/K+ potassium transporter, A2XMP7/heat shock protein DnaJ, cysteine-rich domain and Q10D68/serine hydroxymethyltransferase in CR1014 after treatment showed increased expression. Interestingly, the transcripts specific for methionine biosynthesis mainly A2Z9C9/Cys/Met metabolism, pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme and B8AF89/spermine synthase induced their expression in Kudrat-5 under salinity stress, where the similar trend was not reflected in salt-tolerant genotype. Thus, the present study highlights on transcript expression pattern for salt-stress responsive candidate genes in two-contrasting rice genotypes selected from the pool of farmer’s cultivated varieties along the coastal belts of India.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ashraf, M., & Harris, P. J. C. (2004). Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants. Plant Science, 166, 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2003.10.024.
Bao, J. S., Cai, Y., Sun, M., Wang, G., & Corke, H. (2005). Anthocyanins, flavonols, and free radical scavenging activity of Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) extracts and their color properties and stability. Journal Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 2327–2332.
Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P., & Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205–208.
Ben Ahmed, C., Magdich, S., Rouina, B. B., Sensoy, B. M., & Abdullah, F. B. (2011). Exogenous proline effects on water relations and ions concentrations in leaves and roots of young olive. Amino Acids, 40, 565–573.
Bevilacqua, C. B., Basu, S., Pereira, A., Tseng, T. M., Zimmer, P. D., & Burgos, N. R. (2015). Analysis of stress-responsive gene expression in cultivated and weedy rice differing in cold stress tolerance. PLoS ONE, 10, e0132100.
Cassaniti, C., Leonardi, C., & Flowers, T. J. (2009). The effects of sodium chloride ornamental shrubs. Scientia Horticulturae, 122, 586–593.
Cassaniti, C., Romano, D., & Flowers, T. J. (2012). The response of ornamental plants to saline irrigation water. In I. Garcia-Garizabal (Ed.), Irrigation water management, pollution and alternative strategies (pp. 132–158). Rijeka: InTech Europe.
Dubouzet, J. G., Sakuma, Y., Ito, Y., Kasuga, M., Dubouzet, E. G., Miura, S., et al. (2003). OsDREB genes in rice, Oryza sativa L., encode transcription activators that function in drought-, high-salt- and cold responsive gene expression. Plant Journal, 33, 751–763.
Fernie, A. R., Geigenberger, P., & Stitt, M. (2005). Flux an important, but neglected, component of functional genomics. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 8, 174–182.
Gregorio, G. B. (1997). Ph.D. Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños. Laguna, Philippines. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PH1998010269
Hasanuzzaman, M., Alam, M. M., Rahman, A., Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Fujita M. (2014). Exogenous proline and glycine betaine mediated upregulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems provides better protection against salt-induced oxidative stress in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. Biomed Research International-Hindawi, 2014, 1–17
Hasegawa, P. M., Bressan, R. A., Zhu, J. K., & Bohnert, H. J. (2000). Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 51, 463–499. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.51.1.463.
Hsiao, T. C. & Xu, L. K. (2000). Sensitivity of growth of roots versus leaves to water stress: biophysical analysis and relation to water transport. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51, 1595–1616.
Kibria, M. G., Hossain, M., Murata, Y., & Hoque, Md A. (2017). Antioxidant defense mechanisms of salinity tolerance in rice genotypes. Rice Science, 24(3), 155–162.
Kumar, V., Shriram, V., Kavi Kishor, P. B., Jawali, N., & Shitole, M. G. (2010). Enhanced proline accumulation and salt stress tolerance of transgenic indica rice by over-expressing P5CSF129A gene. Plant Biotechnology Reports, 4(1), 37–48.
Livak, K. J., & Schmittgen, T. D. (2001). Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(− ΔΔC(T)) method. Methods, 25, 402–408.
Maggio, A., Miyazaki, S., Veronese, P., Fujita, T., Ibeas, J., Damsz, B., et al. (2002). Does proline accumulation play an active role in stress-induced growth reduction? The Plant Journal, 31, 699–712.
Morsy, M. R., Almutairi, A. M., Gibbons, J., Yun, S. J., & de Los Reyes, B. G. (2005). The OsLti6 genes encoding low-molecular-weight membrane proteins are differentially expressed in rice cultivars with contrasting sensitivity to low temperature. Gene, 344, 171–180.
Munns, R., & Tester, M. (2008). Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 651–681.
Ogawa, S. & Mitsuya, S. (2012). S-methylmethionine is involved in the salinity tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana plants at germination and early growth stages. Physiologia Plantarum, 144(1), 13–19.
Rahneshan, Z., Nasibi, F., & Moghadam, A. A. (2018). Effects of salinity stress on some growth, physiological, biochemical parameters and nutrients in two pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) rootstocks. Plant-Environment Interactions, Journal of Plant Interactions, 13(1), 73–82.
Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., & Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26, 1231–1237.
Sahi, C., Singh, A., Blumwald, E., & Grover, A. (2006). Beyond osmolytes and transporters: Novel plant salt-stress tolerance-related genes from transcriptional profiling data. Physiologia Plantarum, 127, 1–9.
Sharma, R., Mishra, M., Gupta, B., Parsania, C., Singla-Pareek, S. L., & Pareek, A. (2015). De novo assembly and characterization of stress transcriptome in a salinity-tolerant variety CS52 of Brassica juncea. PLoS ONE, 10(5), e0126783.
Wang, D., Liu, H., Li, S., Zhai, G., Shao, J., & Tao, Y. (2015). Characterization and molecular cloning of a serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (OsSHM1) in rice. Journal of Integrated Plant Biology, 57(9), 745–756. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12336.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Conceived and designed the experiments: GPL, Performance of the experiments: GHK, Analysed and wrote the paper: GPL and HKG. The authors GPL and HKG declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding publishing this paper.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pushpalatha, G., Harish Kumar, G. Gene expression analysis reveals diversified responsiveness to salt stress in rice genotypes. Ind J Plant Physiol. 23, 833–843 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-018-0424-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-018-0424-2