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Current Insights into Signature MicroRNA Networks and Signal Transduction in Osteosarcoma

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Osteosarcoma is one of the most common types of primary bone tumors that mainly occurs in children and adolescents. It is characterized by the development of immature bones or osteoid tissue by the tumor cells. Osteosarcoma is also often caused by metastatic tumors, and has a high global incidence. Treatment strategies are limited by the intractable nature of the disease and the likelihood for metastasis.

Recent Findings

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs composed of 18–24 nucleotides that are major components for various biological processes like cell differentiation, cell growth, and cell death. Dysregulation of miRNAs in cells leads to altered gene expression leading to several phenotypic and genotypic changes in cells which initiate and promote carcinogenesis. Several miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma thereby affecting the prognosis for the patient. These miRNAs, when altered, have the ability to function either as oncogenes or as tumor suppressor genes. We discuss osteosarcoma in the light of dysregulated miRNA signature networks and their biomarker targets and the delineation of miRNA-target interactions in osteosarcoma. We also elucidate key signal transduction pathways that are modulated by miRNAs in osteosarcoma. Further, we summarize dysregulated osteosarcoma miRNAs that play key role(s) in other pediatric tumors.

Summary

Taken together, we present an overview of the architecture of signature miRNA networks in osteosarcoma and provide a mechanistic basis to augment our understanding of miRNA regulation in osteosarcoma.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, FL, 32827, USA

    Jash Trivedi

  2. School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA

    Arnav Desai

  3. University of Mumbai, Santa Cruz, Mumbai, 400055, India

    Praful Saha, Saiprasad Ajgaonkar, Mubashira Momin & Sujit Nair

  4. University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA

    Shambhavi Nabar

  5. University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK

    Isha Muzumdar

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J.T., A.D., P.S., S.A., Sh.N., M.M., and I.M. performed literature search, bioinformatic analyses, constructed networks, drew figures and wrote the manuscript under the supervision of Su.N. Further, Su.N. conceived, wrote and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sujit Nair.

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Trivedi, J., Desai, A., Saha, P. et al. Current Insights into Signature MicroRNA Networks and Signal Transduction in Osteosarcoma. Curr. Pharmacol. Rep. 10, 159–206 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-024-00355-1

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