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Global stability of virus dynamics of an adaptive immune response with two routes of infection and latency

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Abstract

Herein, a virus dynamics model with cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and antibody immune responses is formulated and analyzed. The model considers two sorts of infected cells, latently infected cells and actively infected cells which produce the virus. We incorporate both virus-to-cell and cell-to-cell transmissions into the model. To assure the biological feasibility of the proposed model, we prove the nonnegativity and boundedness of the solutions of the model. We derive five threshold parameters which fully determine the existence and stability of the steady states of the model. We analyze the global stability of the steady states of the model by constructing suitable Lyapunov functions. Numerical simulations are performed to confirm the results of our obtained theoretical findings.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the editor and anonymous referees for their very helpful comments and suggestions that greatly improved the quality of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen

    Shafeek A. Ghaleb

  2. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    A. M. Elaiw & Taofeek O. Alade

  3. Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Alnegga

  4. Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box : 80204, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Emad Ghandourah

  5. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman

    Taofeek O. Alade

Authors
  1. Shafeek A. Ghaleb
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  2. A. M. Elaiw
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  3. Mohammad Alnegga
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  4. Emad Ghandourah
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  5. Taofeek O. Alade
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Contributions

Shafeek A. Ghaleb, A. M. Elaiw, Taofeek O. Alade conceptualized the study; Shafeek A. Ghaleb, A. M. Elaiw, Mohammad Alnegga, Taofeek O. Alade helped in methodology and formal analysis and investigation; Shafeek A. Ghaleb, Mohammad Alnegga, Emad Ghandourah, Taofeek O. Alade performed writing—review and editing; A. M. Elaiw, Emad Ghandourah and Taofeek O. Alade supervised the study.

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Correspondence to Taofeek O. Alade.

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Ghaleb, S.A., Elaiw, A.M., Alnegga, M. et al. Global stability of virus dynamics of an adaptive immune response with two routes of infection and latency. Int. J. Dynam. Control 11, 1002–1019 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-022-01034-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-022-01034-z

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