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Emerging Biohybrids of Aptamer-Based Nano-Biosensing Technologies for Effective Early Cancer Detection

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Abstract

Cancer is a leading global cause of mortality, which underscores the imperative of early detection for improved patient outcomes. Biorecognition molecules, especially aptamers, have emerged as highly effective tools for early and accurate cancer cell identification. Aptamers, with superior versatility in synthesis and modification, offer enhanced binding specificity and stability compared with conventional antibodies. Hence, this article reviews diagnostic strategies employing aptamer-based biohybrid nano-biosensing technologies, focusing on their utility in detecting cancer biomarkers and abnormal cells. Recent developments include the synthesis of nano-aptamers using diverse nanomaterials, such as metallic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-derived substances, and biohybrid nanostructures. The integration of these nanomaterials with aptamers significantly enhances sensitivity and specificity, promising innovative and efficient approaches for cancer diagnosis. This convergence of nanotechnology with aptamer research holds the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment through rapid, accurate, and non-invasive diagnostic methods.

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Fig. 1
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Reproduced with permission from Kohlberger et al. (2022) [35], ©International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2024

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Reproduced with permission from Liu et al. (2023) [62], ©Elsevier, 2023

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Reproduced with permission from Chen et al. (2023) [72], © Elsevier, 2023

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Reproduced with permission from Borghei et al. (2016) [132], ©Elsevier, 2016

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Reproduced with permission from Park and Ban (2023) [136], ©Springer Nature, 2023

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Reproduced with permission from Jiang et al. (2018) [144], ©Elsevier, 2018

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Reproduced with permission from Sun et al. (2017) [149], ©Springer, 2017

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Reproduced with permission from Yang et al. (2014) [155], ©Elsevier, 2014

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Reproduced with permission from Zhang et al. (2011) [162], ©Elsevier, 2011

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Reproduced with permission from Zhang et al. (2023) [165], ©Elsevier, 2023

Fig. 12

Reproduced with permission from Hao et al. (2019) [174], ©Springer, 2019

Fig. 13

Reproduced with permission from Wang et al. (2020) [180], ©Elsevier, 2020

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge their respective departments and universities for the support during the preparation of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Textile Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Thimmaiah Bargavi Ram

  2. Creative Carbon Labs Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Saravanan Krishnan

  3. CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal

    Jaison Jeevanandam

  4. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

    Michael K. Danquah

  5. School of Polymer Science and Technology and School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Sabu Thomas

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  1. Thimmaiah Bargavi Ram
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Correspondence to Jaison Jeevanandam.

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Thimmaiah Bargavi Ram, Saravanan Krishnan, Jaison Jeevanandam, Michael K. Danquah, and Sabu Thomas have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

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First draft: TBR and SK; conceptualization, supervision, final draft, and review: JJ; supervision and expert review of manuscript: MKD and ST.

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Ram, T.B., Krishnan, S., Jeevanandam, J. et al. Emerging Biohybrids of Aptamer-Based Nano-Biosensing Technologies for Effective Early Cancer Detection. Mol Diagn Ther (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-024-00717-x

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