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Succinic Acid Recovery and Enhancement of Emulsion Liquid Membrane Stability using Synergist Aliquat 336/TOA/Palm Oil System Assisted with Nanoparticle

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Abstract

Succinic acid (SA) production from fermentation has drawn great interest owing to its simplicity and environmentally friendly process, but it is constrained by high downstream processing costs. The Pickering emulsion liquid membrane (PELM) process containing synergistic carriers (Aliquat 336 and trioctylamine (TOA)) in palm oil is an attractive technology for SA recovery from fermentation broths. The synergistic extraction mechanism was investigated using reactive extraction and the method of slope analysis. Almost 100% of SA was extracted from a 10 g/L simulated solution with a synergistic coefficient of 640. Based on the individual and mixed carrier investigations, it infers that Aliquat 336 and TOA function as base and synergist carriers, respectively. The stability of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion was studied by varying the agitation speed, Span 80 concentration, and mixed surfactant concentration (Tween 80 and Span 80). At the best stability condition of 5% w/v (Span 80 + Tween 80), hydrophilic–lipophilic balance 6, 300 rpm agitation speed, 0.1% w/v Fe2O3 nanoparticles, 0.1 M Aliquat 336 + 0.1 M TOA, and 1.0 M sodium hydroxide, the emulsion was stable, and almost 100% of SA was extracted and enriched five times in the internal phase. The concentration limit of SA during its recovery by ELM is 10 g/L. Meanwhile, the results from water phase separation and droplet image proved that PELM has the advantage of rapid and efficient demulsification performance, where the demulsification can be completed within 5 min. Hence, synergistic PELM is a new class of ELM for the recovery of SA and it may be extended for downstream and bio-based manufacturing.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia under UTM Professional Development Research University (PDRU) (Q.J130000.21A2.05E51) and Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for the funding under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)(FRGS/1/2022/STG05/UTM/01/2). The authors are also acknowledging the Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for the facilities provided throughout this research.

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  1. School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Norul Fatiha Mohamed Noah, Norasikin Othman, Norela Jusoh, Izzat Naim Shamsul Kahar & Sazmin Sufi Suliman

  2. Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Norul Fatiha Mohamed Noah & Norasikin Othman

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NFMN was involved in investigation, conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft, writing—review & editing. NO helped in conceptualization, methodology, resources, supervision, writing—review & editing. NJ helped in conceptualization, methodology, resources, writing—review & editing. INSK contributed to investigation. SSS was involved in investigation.

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Noah, N.F.M., Othman, N., Jusoh, N. et al. Succinic Acid Recovery and Enhancement of Emulsion Liquid Membrane Stability using Synergist Aliquat 336/TOA/Palm Oil System Assisted with Nanoparticle. Arab J Sci Eng 48, 15777–15792 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-07616-z

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