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Nanotechnological interventions for treatment of trypanosomiasis in humans and animals

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Abstract

Trypanosomiasis is a parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma. It is one of the major causes of deaths in underprivileged, rural areas of Africa, America and Asia. Depending on the parasite species responsible for the disease, it can take two forms namely African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). The complete life-cycle stages of trypanosomes span between insect vector (tsetse fly, triatomine bug) and mammalian host (humans, animals). Only few drugs have been approved for the treatment of trypanosomiasis. Moreover, current trypanocidal therapy has major limitations of poor efficacy, serious side effects and drug resistance. Due to the lack of economic gains from tropical parasitic infection, it has always been neglected by the researchers and drug manufacturers. There is an immense need of more effective innovative strategies to decrease the deaths associated with this diseases. Nanotechnological approaches for delivery of existing drugs have shown significant improvement in efficacy with many-fold decrease in their dose. The review emphasizes on nanotechnological interventions in the treatment of trypanosomiasis in both humans and animals. Current trypanocidal therapy and their limitations have also been discussed briefly.

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Funding

Authors are thankful to the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, for providing financial support under the project BT/PR18008/NNT/28/1055/2016.

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Author notes

  1. Kedar Prayag and Dhanashree H. Surve contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Jhunjhunu, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India

    Kedar Prayag, Dhanashree H. Surve, Atish T. Paul & Anil B. Jindal

  2. ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Sub-Campus Nabha, Nabha, Punjab, 147201, India

    Sanjay Kumar

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  1. Kedar Prayag
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  2. Dhanashree H. Surve
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Correspondence to Anil B. Jindal.

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Prayag, K., Surve, D.H., Paul, A.T. et al. Nanotechnological interventions for treatment of trypanosomiasis in humans and animals. Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res. 10, 945–961 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-020-00764-x

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