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Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Trypanosomiasis

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Nanomedicines for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases

Part of the book series: AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series ((AAPS,volume 56))

Abstract

Trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that is mainly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries including regions of Africa, Asia, and America. Except for fexinidazole which was discovered in late 2018, no new drug has been discovered in the last 50 years for the treatment of trypanosomiasis. Furthermore, emergence of drug resistance against FDA-approved antitrypanosomal drugs has also significantly affected the therapy. Nanotechnological interventions of the existing drugs have shown significant improvement in the therapeutic potential of FDA-approved drugs in preclinical research. The chapter focuses on the nanomedicines-based treatment of trypanosomiasis. A brief discussion on vaccine delivery against trypanosome has also been included.

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Abbreviations

ADME:

Absorption distribution metabolism excretion

ApoE:

Apolipoprotein E

apoL-1:

Apolipoprotein

CCL5:

CC-chemokine ligand 5

CD8:

Cluster of differentiation 8

CNS:

Central Nervous System

CPP:

Cell-penetrating peptides

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GPI:

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol

IC50:

Inhibitory Concentration

IFN:

Interferons

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

IL:

Interleukin

IM:

Intramuscular

IV:

Intravenous

LDL:

Low-Density Lipoprotein

NECT:

Nifurtimox–eflornithine combination therapy

PEG:

Polyethylene Glycol

PLGA:

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)

RBC:

Red Blood Cells

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SC:

Subcutaneous

SLN:

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

SRA:

Serum Resistance Protein

Tc24:

Trypomastigote excretory-secretory protein

TGO:

Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase

TGP:

Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

Tr-apoL-I:

Truncated apoL-I

TSA-1:

Trypomastigote surface trans-sialidase

Vd:

Volume of distribution

VSGs:

Variant Surface Glycoprotein

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Acknowledgments

Authors are thankful to the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, for providing financial support for the project (BT/PR18008/NNT/28/1055/2016 dated 17.09.2018).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India

    Kedar S. Prayag & Anil B. Jindal

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  1. Kedar S. Prayag
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  2. Anil B. Jindal
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Correspondence to Anil B. Jindal .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (Elite status), Deemed University Matunga, Mumbai, India

    Vandana B. Patravale

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. K. Coit College of Pharmacy University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA

    Abhijit A. Date

  3. Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India

    Anil B. Jindal

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Prayag, K.S., Jindal, A.B. (2023). Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Trypanosomiasis. In: Patravale, V.B., Date, A.A., Jindal, A.B. (eds) Nanomedicines for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series, vol 56. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39020-3_8

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