Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major cereal crop grown in a large number of countries. Loss in maize yield due to biotic stresses including fungal phytopathogens is a matter of immense concern. Control measures applied for eradication of fungal phytopathogens in maize are not up to the mark and more often involve harsh chemical(s)/pesticide(s) that cause deleterious effects both in humans and soil biota. Greener alternatives, such as the use of rhizosphere microbes in the form of bioinoculants, have proven to be very successful in terms of enhancing crop yield and suppressing fungal phytopathogens. In the present study, fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from the maize rhizosphere and monitored for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) and biocontrol activities against Fusarium moniliforme. Based on various PGP traits and biocontrol potential, isolate JM-1 was found to be most effective and as per 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens. Further experiments showed that the biocontrol potential of JM-1 against ear rot fungus involved the production of antifungal compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). When examined for antagonistic interaction under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), structural abnormality, hyphal lysis, and deformity in fungal mycelium were observed. In the pot experiment, application of talc-based JM-1 containing bioformulation (in pot trials) showed significant enhancement in maize growth parameters (including the seed number and weight) in comparison to control even in presence of the phytopathogen. Ear fresh weight, dry weight, number of seeds per plant, and 100-grain weight were found to increase significantly by 34, 34, 52, and 18% respectively, in comparison to control. P. fluorescens JM-1 can therefore be used as a bioinoculant for ear rot disease control and sustainably enhancing maize yield.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbaszadeh-Dahaji P, Masalehi F, Akhgar A (2020) Improved growth and nutrition of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) plants in a low-Fertility calcareous soil treated with plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria and Fe-EDTA. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 20(1):31–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00098-9
Agaras BC, Noguera F, González Anta G, Wall L, Valverde C (2020) Biocontrol potential index of pseudomonads, instead of their direct-growth promotion traits, is a predictor of seed inoculation effect on crop productivity under field conditions. Biol Control 143:104209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104209
Andreolli M, Zapparoli G, Angelini E, Lucchetta G, Lampis S, Vallini G (2019) Pseudomonas protegens MP12: A plant growth-promoting endophytic bacterium with broad-spectrum antifungal activity against grapevine phytopathogens. Microbiol Res 219:123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2018.11.003
Andriolli CF, Casa RT, Kuhnem PR, Bogo A, Zancan RL, Reis EM (2016) Timing of fungicide application for the control of Gibberella ear rot of maize. Trop Plan Pathol 41(4):264–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-016-0095-3
Arora NK, Fatima T, Mishra I, Verma M, Mishra J, Mishra V (2018) Environmental sustainability: challenges and viable solutions. Env Sust 1:309–340
Asadhi S, Reddy BVB, Sivaprasad Y, Prathyusha M, Krishna TM, Kumar KVK (2013) Characterization, genetic diversity and antagonistic potential of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producing Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates in groundnut based cropping systems in Andhra Pradesh. India Arch Phytopathol Plat Prot 89(1):32–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2013.782223
Ayyadurai N, Ravindra NP, Sreehari RM, Sunish KR, Samrat SK, Manohar M, Sakthivel N (2006) Isolation and characterization of a novel banana rhizosphere bacterium as fungal antagonist and microbial adjuvant in micropropagation of banana. J Appl Microbiol 100(5):926–937. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02863.x
Biessy A, Novinscak A, St-Onge R, Zboralski A, Filion M (2021) Inhibition of three potato pathogens by phenazine-producing Pseudomonas spp. is associated with multiple biocontrol-related traits. mSphere. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00427-21
Blanco-Vargas A, Rodríguez-Gacha LM, Sánchez-Castro N, Garzón-Jaramillo R, Pedroza-Camacho LD, Poutou-Piñales RA, Rivera-Hoyos CM, Díaz-Ariza LA, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM (2020) Phosphate-solubilizing Pseudomonas sp., and Serratia sp., co-culture for Allium cepa L. growth promotion. Heliyon 6(10):e05218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05218
Brazelton JN, Pfeufer EE, Sweat TA, Gardener BB, Coenen C (2008) 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol alters plant root development. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 21(10):1349–1358. https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-21-10-1349
Bric JM, Bostock RM, Silverstone SE (1991) Rapid in situ assay for indoleacetic acid production by bacteria immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane. Appl Environ Microbiol 57:535–538
Brucker RM, Baylor CM, Walters RL, Lauer A, Harris RN, Minbiole KP (2008) The identification of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol as an antifungal metabolite produced by cutaneous bacteria of the salamander Plethodon cinereus. J Chem Ecol 34(1):39–43
Butoto EN, Marino TP, Holland JB (2021) Effects of artificial inoculation on trait correlations with resistance to Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination in maize. Crop Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20551
Calderón-Vázquez C, Sawers RJH, Herrera-Estrella L (2011) Phosphate deprivation in maize: genetics and genomics. Plant Physiol 156(3):1067. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.174987
da Silva MJC, Palmeira SF Jr, Fortes K Jr, Nascimento VX, de Medeiros AS, da Silva SJC, de Sousa Alves MM, Sant’Ana AEG (2020) IAA production of indigenous isolate of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in the presence of tryptophan. Aust J Crop Sci 14(3):537–544. https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.03.p2239
de Souza JT, Raaijmakers JM (2003) Polymorphisms within the prnD and pltC genes from pyrrolnitrin and pyoluteorin-producing Pseudomonas and Burkholderia spp. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 43(1):21–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2003.tb01042.x
de Souza JT, Weller DM, Raaijmakers JM (2003) Frequency, diversity, and activity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. in Dutch take-all decline soils. Phytopathology 93(1):54–63. https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.1.54
Fahsi N, Mahdi I, Mesfioui A, Biskri L, Allaoui A (2021) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from the jujube (Ziziphus lotus) plant enhance wheat growth, Zn uptake, and heavy metal tolerance. Agriculture 11(4):316. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040316
Fenton AM, Stephens PM, Crowley J, O’callaghanO’gara MF (1992) exploitation of genes involved in 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol biosynthesis to confer a new biocontrol capability to a Pseudomonas strain. Appl Environ Microbiol 58:3873–3878
Figueroa-López AM, Cordero-Ramírez JD, Quiroz-Figueroa FR, Maldonado-Mendoza IE (2014) A high-throughput screening assay to identify bacterial antagonists against Fusarium verticillioides. J Basic Microbiol 54(S1):S125–S133. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201200594
Fischer SE, Jofré EC, Cordero PV, Gutiérrez Mañero FJ, Mori GB (2010) Survival of native Pseudomonas in soil and wheat rhizosphere and antagonist activity against plant pathogenic fungi. Antonie Leeuwenhoek 97(3):241–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-009-9405-9
Frapolli M, Defago G, Moenne-Loccoz Y (2007) Multilocus sequence analysis of biocontrol fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. producing the antifungal compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. Environ Microbiol 9:1939–1955. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01310.x
Funnell-Harris DL, Pedersen JF, Marx DB (2008) Effect of sorghum seedlings, and previous crop, on soil fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Plant Soil 311(1):173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9669-2
Gai X, Dong H, Wang S, Liu B, Zhang Z, Li X, Gao Z (2018) Infection cycle of maize stalk rot and ear rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides. PLoS ONE 13(7):e0201588. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201588
Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn T (2005) Class II. Betaproteobacteria class. Nov. Bergey’s manual® of systematic bacteriology. Springer, Berlin, pp 575–922
Gleeson O, O’Gara F, Morrissey JP (2010) The Pseudomonas fluorescens secondary metabolite 2,4 diacetylphloroglucinol impairs mitochondrial function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 97(3):261–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-009-9407-7
Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Legarda G, Ruano-Rosa D, Pizarro-Tobías P, Valverde-Corredor A, Niqui JL, Triviño JC, Roca A, Mercado-Blanco J (2018) Indigenous Pseudomonas spp. strains from the olive (Olea europaea L.) rhizosphere as effective biocontrol agents against Verticillium dahliae: from the host roots to the bacterial genomes. Front Microbiol 9:277. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00277
Gong L, Tan H, Chen F, Li T, Zhu J, Jian Q, Yuan D, Xu L, Hu W, Jiang Y, Duan X (2016) Novel synthesized 2, 4-DAPG analogues: antifungal activity, mechanism and toxicology. Sci Rep 6(1):32266. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32266
Gupta CP, Dubey RC, Kang SC, Maheshwari DK (2001) Antibiosis-mediated necrotrophic effect of Pseudomonas GRC2 against two fungal plant pathogens. Curr Sci 81(1):91–94
Gutiérrez-García K, Neira-González A, Pérez-Gutiérrez RM, Granados-Ramírez G, Zarraga R, Wrobel K, Barona-Gómez F, Flores-Cotera LB (2017) Phylogenomics of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas and novel antiglycation endophytes from Piper auritum. J Nat Prod 80(7):1955–1963. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00823
Hameeda B, Rupela OP, Reddy G, Satyavani K (2006) Application of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with composts and macrofauna for growth promotion of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). Biol Fertil Soils 43(2):221–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-006-0098-1
Hameeda B, Harini G, Rupela O, Wani S, Reddy G (2008) Growth promotion of maize by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from composts and macrofauna. Microbiol Res 163:234–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2006.05.009
Haas D, Keel C (2003) Regulation of antibiotic production in root-colonizing Peudomonas spp. and relevance for biological control of plant disease. Ann Rev Phytopathol 41(1):117–153. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095656
Heuer H, Krsek M, Baker P, Smalla K, Wellington EM (1997) Analysis of actinomycete communities by specific amplification of genes encoding 16S rRNA and gel-electrophoretic separation in denaturing gradients. App Environ Microbiol 63(8):3233–3241. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.8.3233-3241.1997
Holbrook AA, Edge W, Bailey F (1961) Spectrophotometric method for determination of gibberellic acid. Adv Chem Ser 28:159–167
Hu M, Chen S (2021) Non-target site mechanisms of fungicide resistance in crop pathogens: a review. Microorganisms. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030502
Husakova E, Hochholdinger F, Soukup A (2013) Lateral root development in the maize (Zea mays) lateral rootless1 mutant. Ann Bot 112(2):417–428. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct043
Hussain S, Hussain MB, Gulzar A, Zafar-ul-Hye M, Aon M, Qaswar M, Yaseen R (2017) Right time of phosphorus and zinc application to maize depends on nutrient–nutrient and nutrient–inoculum interactions. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 63(4):351–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2017.1361784
Jain A, Das S (2016) Insight into the Interaction between plants and associated fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Int J Agronom 2016:4269010. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4269010
Jia X, Liu P, Lynch JP (2018) Greater lateral root branching density in maize improves phosphorus acquisition from low phosphorus soil. J Exp Bot 69(20):4961–4970. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ery
Kadmiri IM, Chaouqui L, Azaroual SE, Sijilmassi B, Yaakoubi K, Wahby I (2018) Phosphate-solubilizing and auxin-producing rhizobacteria promote plant growth under saline conditions. Arab J Sci Eng 43(7):3403–3415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-3042-9
Kamran S, Shahid I, Baig DN, Rizwan M, Malik KA, Mehnaz S (2017) Contribution of zinc solubilizing bacteria in growth promotion and zinc content of wheat. Front Microbiol 8:2593. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02593
Kavitha K, Mathiyazhagan S, Sendhivel V, Nakkeeran S, Chandrasekar G, Fernanado WGD (2005) Broad spectrum action of phenazine against active and dormant structures of fungal pathogens and root knot nematode. Arch Phytopathol Plant Prot 38:69–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235400400008408
Kaya C, Levent Tuna A, Alfredo ACA (2006) Gibberellic acid improves water deficit tolerance in maize plants. Acta Physiol Plant 28(4):331–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-006-0029-7
Keel C, Schidner U, Maurhofer M, Viossard C, Laville J, Burger U, Wirthner P, Has D, Defago G (1992) Suppression of root diseases by Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0: importance of the bacterial secondary metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 5:800–802. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-5-004
Khare E, Arora NK (2010) Effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in suppression of charcoal rot disease of chickpea. Curr Microbiol 61:64–68
Köhl J, Kolnaar R, Ravensberg WJ (2019) Mode of action of microbial biological control agents against plant diseases: relevance beyond efficacy. Front Plant Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00845
Kour D, Kaur T, Devi R, Yadav A, Singh M, Joshi D, Singh J, Suyal DC, Kumar A, Rajput V, Yadav AN, Singh K, Singh J, Sayyed R, Arora NK, Saxena A (2021) Beneficial microbiomes for bioremediation of diverse contaminated environments for environmental sustainability: present status and future challenges. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13252-7
Kumar RS, Ayyadurai N, Pandiaraja P, Reddy A, Venkateswarlu Y, Prakash O, Sakthivel N (2005) Characterization of antifungal metabolite produced by a new strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PUPa3 that exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity and biofertilizing traits. J Appl Microbiol 98:145–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02435.x
Kwak Y-S, Weller DM (2013) Take-all of wheat and natural disease suppression: A Review. Plant Pathol J 29(2):125–135. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.SI.07.2012.0112
Kwak Y-S, Han S, Thomashow L, Rice J, Paulitz T, Kim D, Weller D (2010) Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome-wide mutant screen for sensitivity to 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, an antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Appl Environ Microbiol 77:1770–1776. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02151-10
Lanna AC, Silva MA, Moreira AS, Nascente AS, de Fillipi MC (2021) Improved nutrient uptake in three Crotalaria species inoculated with multifunctional microorganisms. Rev Bras Eng Agríc Ambient 25(7):460–465. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n7p460-465
Lurthy T, Cantat C, Jeudy C, Declerck P, Gallardo K, Barraud C, Leroy F, Ourry A, Lemanceau P, Salon C, Mazurier S (2020) Impact of bacterial siderophores on iron status and ionome in pea. Front Plan Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00730
Mahmood A, Turgay OC, Farooq M, Hayat R (2016) Seed biopriming with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: a review. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiw112
Mallikarjuna MG, Thirunavukkarasu N, Sharma R, Shiriga K, Hossain F, Bhat JS, Mithra AC, Marla SS, Manjaiah KM, Rao A (2020) comparative transcriptome analysis of iron and zinc deficiency in maize (Zea mays L.). Plants 9(12):1812. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121812
Mazzola M, Fujimoto DK, Thomashow LS, Cook RJ (1995) Variation in sensitivity of Gaeumannomyces graminis to antibiotics produced by fluorescent pseudomonads spp. and effect on biological control of take-all diseases. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:2554–2559
Minaxi SJ, Saxena J (2010) Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa RM-3 as a potential biocontrol agent. Mycopathologia 170(3):181–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-010-9307-4
Mishra J, Arora NK (2018) Secondary metabolites of fluorescent pseudomonads in biocontrol of phytopathogens for sustainable agriculture. App Soil Ecol 125:35–45
Mishra J, Dutta V, Arora NK (2020) Biopesticides in India: technology and sustainability linkages. 3. Biotech 10(5):210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02192-7
Munkvold GP (2003) Epidemiology of Fusarium diseases and their mycotoxins in maize ears. Eur J Plant Pathol 109(7):705–713. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026078324268
Munkvold GP (2017) Fusarium species and their associated mycotoxins. Methods Mol Biol 1542:51–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6707-0_4
Novinscak A, Filion M (2020) Long term comparison of talc- and peat-based phytobeneficial Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas synxantha bioformulations for promoting plant growth. Front Sustain Food Syst. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.602911
Olanrewaju OS, Glick BR, Babalola OO (2017) Mechanisms of action of plant growth promoting bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33(11):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-017-2364-9
Oldenburg E, Höppner F, Ellner F, Weinert J (2017) Fusarium diseases of maize associated with mycotoxin contamination of agricultural products intended to be used for food and feed. Mycotoxin Res 33(3):167–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-017-0277-y
Oliveira DAD, Ferreira SDC, Carrera DLR, Serrão CP, Callegari DM, Barros NLF, Coelho FM, Souza CRBD (2021) Characterization of Pseudomonas bacteria of Piper tuberculatum regarding the production of potentially bio-stimulating compounds for plant growth. J Acta Amazonica 51:10–19
Oren L, Ezrati S, Cohen D, Sharon A (2003) Early events in the Fusarium verticillioides-maize interaction characterized by using a green fluorescent protein-expressing transgenic isolate. Appl Environ Microbiol 69(3):1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.3.1695-1701.2003
Palma-Guerrero J, Chancellor T, Spong J, Canning G, Hammond J, McMillan VE, Hammond-Kosack KE (2021) Take-all disease: new insights into an important wheat root pathogen. Trends Plant Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2021.02.009
Patten CL, Glick BR (2002) Role of Pseudomonas putida indoleacetic acid in development of the host plant root system. Appl Environ Microbiol 68(8):3795–3801. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.8.3795-3801.2002
Pavlova A, Leontieva M, Smirnova T, Kolomeitseva G, Netrusov A, Tsavkelova E (2017) Colonization strategy of the endophytic plant growth-promoting strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Klebsiella oxytoca on the seeds, seedlings and roots of the epiphytic orchid, Dendrobium nobile Lindl. J Appl Microbiol 123(1):217–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13481
Pechanova O, Pechan T (2015) Maize-pathogen interactions: an ongoing combat from a proteomics perspective. Int J Mol Sci 16(12):28429–28448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226106
Pikovskaya R (1948) Mobilization of phosphorus in soil in connection with vital activity of some microbial species. Mikrobiologiya 17:362–370
Pragna Lakshmi T, Mondal M, Ramadas K, Natarajan S (2017) Molecular interaction of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) with human serum albumin (HSA): the spectroscopic, calorimetric and computational investigation. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 183:90–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.012
Raaijmakers JM, Weller DM (2001) Exploiting genotypic diversity of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas spp.: characterization of superior root-colonizing P. fluorescens strain Q8r1-96. App Environ Microbiol 67:2545–2554. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.6.2545-2554.2001
Rosales AM, Thomashow L, Cook RJ, Mew TW (1995) Isolation and identification of antifungal metabolites produced by rice-associated antagonistic Pseudomonas spp. Phytopathology 85:1028–1032
Ruffo M, Olson R, Daverede I (2016) Maize yield response to zinc sources and effectiveness of diagnostic indicators. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 47(2):137–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2015.1108433
Saber FM, Abdelhafez AA, Hassan EA, Ramadan EM (2015) Characterization of fluorescent pseudomonads isolates and their efficiency on the growth promotion of tomato plant. Ann Agric Sci 60(1):131–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2015.04.007
Sah S, Singh N, Singh R (2017) Iron acquisition in maize (Zea mays L.) using Pseudomonas siderophore. 3 Biotech 7(2):121–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0772-z
Samsudin NIP, Rodriguez A, Medina A, Magan N (2017) Efficacy of fungal and bacterial antagonists for controlling growth, FUM1 gene expression and fumonisin B1 production by Fusarium verticillioides on maize cobs of different ripening stages. Int J Food Microbiol 246:72–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.02.004
Saravanan V, Madhaiyan M, Thangaraju M (2007) Solubilization of zinc compounds by the diazotrophic, plant growth promoting bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. Chemosphere 66:1794–1798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.067
Schwyn B, Neilands J (1987) Universal chemical assay for the detection and determination of siderophores. Anal Biochem 160:47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90612-9
Scott MP, Emery M (2016) Maize: overview. Encycl Food Grains. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394437-5.00022-X
Shanahan P, O’sullivan DJ, Simpson P, Glennon JD, O’gara F (1992) Isolation of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol from a fluorescent pseudomonad and investigation of physiological parameters influencing its production. Appl Environ Microbiol 58:353–358
Sharma A, Johri BN (2003) Growth promoting influence of siderophore-producing Pseudomonas strains GRP3A and PRS9 in maize (Zea mays L.) under iron limiting conditions. Microbiol Res 158(3):243–248. https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-5013-00197
Sheng S, Tong L, Liu R (2018) Corn phytochemicals and their health benefits. Food Sci Hum Welln. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2018.09.003
Shiferaw B, Prasanna BM, Hellin J, Bänziger M (2011) Crops that feed the world 6. Past successes and future challenges to the role played by maize in global food security. Food Secur 3(3):307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-011-0140-5
Shin J-H, Han J-H, Lee JK, Kim KS (2014) Characterization of the maize stalk rot pathogens Fusarium subglutinans and F. temperatum and the effect of fungicides on their mycelial growth and colony formation. Plant Pathol J 30(4):397–406. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2014.0078
Shirley M, Avoscan L, Bernaud E, Vansuyt G, Lemanceau P (2011) Comparison of iron acquisition from Fe–pyoverdine by strategy I and strategy II plants. Botany 89(10):731–735
Shirzad A, Fallahzadeh V, Pazhouhandeh M (2012) Antagonistic potential of fluorescent pseudomonads and control of crown and root rot of cucumber caused by Phythophtora drechsleri. Plant Pathol J. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.05.2011.0100
Showkat S, Murtaza I, Bhat MA, Abid S, Al A (2012) HPLC based estimation and molecular characterization of 2, 4-DAPG from Pseudomonas fluorescens Isolates of Kashmir. Int J Agric Crop Sci 7:7–14
Simionato AS, Navarro MOP, de Jesus MLA, Barazetti AR, da Silva CS, Simões GC, Balbi-Peña MI, de Mello JCP, Panagio LA, de Almeida RSC, Andrade G, de Oliveira AG (2017) The effect of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid on mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LV strain. Front Microbiol 8:1102–1102. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01102
Sirohi G, Upadhyay A, Srivastava PS, Srivastava S (2015) PGPR mediated Zinc biofertilization of soil and its impact on growth and productivity of wheat. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 15(1):202–216. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162015005000017
Sivasakthi S, Kanchana D, Usharani G, Saranraj P (2013) Production of plant growth promoting substance by Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis isolates from paddy rhizosphere soil of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Microbiol Res 4(3):227–233. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijmr.2013.4.3.75171
Smith DR, White DG (1988) Disease of corn. In: Sprague GF, Dudley JW (eds) Corn and corn improvement, 3rd ed. Agronomy series No. 18. Am Soc Agronom, Madison, WI, USA, pp 687–766
Socrates G (2001) Infrared and Raman characteristic group frequencies, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York
Suleman M, Yasmin S, Rasul M, Yahya M, Atta BM, Mirza MS (2018) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria with glucose dehydrogenase gene for phosphorus uptake and beneficial effects on wheat. PLoS ONE 13(9):e0204408. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204408
Sun X, Zhang R, Ding M, Liu Y, Li L (2021) Biocontrol of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita by a nematicidal bacterium Pseudomonas simiae MB751 with cyclic dipeptide. Pest Manag Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6470
Sundar H, Mohan SS, Sornam A, Sivanandam G, Govindan C (2021) Effects of three strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens to soil-borne fungal pathogens and silkworm, Bombyx mori. Int J Trop Insect Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00506-7
Suresh P, Varathraju G, Shanmugaiah V, Almaary KS, Elbadawi YB, Mubarak A (2021) Partial purification and characterization of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol producing Pseudomonas fluorescens VSMKU3054 against bacterial wilt disease of tomato. Saudi J Biol Sci 28(4):2155–2167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.073
Teich AH (1989) Chapter 19—Epidemiology of corn (Zea mays L.) ear rot caused by Fusarium spp. In: Chełkowski J (ed) Fusarium, vol 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 319–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-87468-9.50024-9
Tewari S, Arora NK (2016) Fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. PF17 as an efficient plant growth regulator and biocontrol agent for sunflower crop under saline conditions. Symbiosis 68:99–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-016-0389-8
Torres MJ, Brandan CP, Petroselli G, Erra-Balsells R, Audisio MC (2016) Antagonistic effects of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens against Macrophomina phaseolina: SEM study of fungal changes and UV-MALDI-TOF MS analysis of their bioactive compounds. Microbio Res 182:31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2015.09.005
Troppens DM, Chu M, Holcombe LJ, Gleeson O, O’Gara F, Read ND, Morrissey JP (2013) The bacterial secondary metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol impairs mitochondrial function and affects calcium homeostasis in Neurospora crassa. Fungal Genet Biol 56:135–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2013.04.006
Tsitsigiannis DI, Dimakopoulou M, Antoniou PP, Tjamos EC (2012) Biological control strategies of mycotoxigenic fungi and associated mycotoxins in Mediterranean basin crops. Phytopathol Mediterr 51(1):158–174
Validov S, Mavrodi O, La Fuente Ld, Boronin A, Weller D, Thomashow L, Mavrodi D (2005) Antagonistic activity among 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. FEMS Microbiol Lett 242(2):249–256
Viruel E, Erazzú L, Calsina L, Ferrero M, Lucca M, Sineriz F (2013) Inoculation of maize with phosphate solubilizing bacteria: Effect on plant growth and yield. Soil Sci Plant Nutr. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162014005000065
Wang X, Ji C, Song X, Liu Z, Liu Y, Li H, Gao Q, Li C, Zheng R, Han X, Liu X (2021) Biocontrol of two bacterial inoculant strains and their effects on the rhizosphere microbial community of field-grown wheat. Biomed Res Int 2021:8835275. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8835275
Xue Y, Yue S, Zhang W, Liu D, Cui Z, Chen X, Ye Y, Zou C (2014) Zinc, iron, manganese and copper uptake requirement in response to nitrogen supply and the increased grain yield of summer maize. PLoS ONE 9(4):e93895. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093895
Yang C, Hamel C, Vujanovic V, Gan Y (2011) Fungicide: modes of action and possible impact on nontarget microorganisms. ISRN Ecol 2011:130289. https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/130289
Yasmin S, Hafeez FY, Mirza MS, Rasul M, Arshad HM, Zubair M, Iqbal M (2017) Biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight of rice and profiling of secondary metabolites produced by rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3. Front Microbiol 8:1895. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01895
Zhang L, Yan M, Ren Y, Chen Y, Zhang S (2021) Zinc regulates the hydraulic response of maize root under water stress conditions. Plant Physiol Biochem 159:123–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the funding agency Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India-SEED (Grant No. SEED/SCSP/2019/61BBAU/G), for providing financial assistance to carry out this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors equally contributed to the publication.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest in the publication.
Accession number
The gene sequence of P. fluorescens JM-1 has been submitted in NCBI with accession number KT734728.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mishra, J., Mishra, I. & Arora, N.K. 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol producing Pseudomonas fluorescens JM-1 for management of ear rot disease caused by Fusarium moniliforme in Zea mays L.. 3 Biotech 12, 138 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03201-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03201-7