Abstract
Depth patterns of δ13C and δ15N values in peatlands are used to reconstruct their environmental history, e.g. their hydrology, temperature changes and degradation. However, the suitability of δ13C and δ15N as proxies for environmental reconstructions needs to be verified by studies in a diverse range of environments. We present a study on the influence of aeolian deposits on δ13C and δ15N values in peatlands in Iceland. Large areas in Iceland comprise highly active aeolian environments due to tephra from volcanic eruptions, and material from eroding drylands. The study is a first step toward assessing if depth profiles of δ13C and δ15N values can provide insight into the environmental history of peatlands in aeolian environments. We compare δ13C and δ15N values with several conventional proxies of decomposition (dry bulk density, C/N ratio and two ratios derived from 13C NMR spectra). We also interpret variations in δ13C and δ15N values in relation to the pedogenic minerals allophane and ferrihydrite and total mineral content. The complexity of depth trends of δ13C and δ15N values increases with proximity to source areas of windborne material. Particularly, there are turning points adjacent to major tephra layers. These patterns appear to be related to the influence of the volcanic deposits on factors like hydrology and fertility of the peatlands, microbial activity and vegetation composition. Depth trends of δ13C and δ15N values in peatlands of aeolian environments need to be interpreted in relation to other proxies reflecting the organic matter chemistry, and mineral soil constituents.
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Data Availability
The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are included in this manuscript and available in the Supplementary Information (SI 1). Also, the data are available in the following dataset for Möckel et al. (2021a), available by Dryad: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tmpg4f502.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Theresa Bonatotzky for assistance with field work and the team at the Chair of Soil Science of the Technical University of Munich for help with the 13C NMR measurements. We would also like to thank the Icelandic Research Fund of the Icelandic Centre for Research, the Landsvirkjun Energy Research Fund, the Memory fund of Aðalsteinn Kristjánsson, the Icelandic Road Authorities, and the University of Iceland Research Fund for funding this research. The Blönduvirkjun hydropower plant kindly hosted us during fieldwork. Scott John Riddell is thanked for proofreading the manuscript.
Funding
For this research, all authors received funding from the Icelandic Research Fund of the Icelandic Centre for Research (grant no. 228888). Susanne C. Möckel received funding from the Icelandic Research Fund of the Icelandic Centre for Research (grant no. 184778), the Landsvirkjun Energy Research Fund (DOK-06–2017), a grant from the Memory fund of Aðalsteinn Kristjánsson and a research grant from the Icelandic Road Authorities. Guðrún Gísladóttir and Egill Erlendsson received funding from the Icelandic Research Fund of the Icelandic Centre for Research (grant no. 141842), the Landsvirkjun Energy Research Fund (grant nos. NÝR-08–2018 and NÝR-33–2019), and the University of Iceland Research Fund.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design, and conducted the field work. Susanne C. Möckel conducted the laboratory work and data analysis, and wrote the draft of the manuscript. Egill Erlendsson read and commented on the manuscript at all stages. Guðrún Gísladóttir read and commented on this manuscript prior to her death in August 2023.
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Möckel, S.C., Erlendsson, E. & Gísladóttir, G. Depth trends of δ13C and δ15N values in peatlands in aeolian environments of Iceland. Wetlands 44, 42 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-024-01796-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-024-01796-6