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Geochemistry and REE tetrad effect of the acidic volcanics and associated stream sediments, southeast G. El-Hadid area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt

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Abstract

This study investigates mineralogy, geochemistry, and the origin of acidic volcanic rocks and stream sediments in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt, focusing on the southeast G. El-Hadid area. Geological units comprise serpentinites, metasedimentary rocks, metavolcanics, older granites, acidic volcanic rocks, and younger granites. Notably, rhyolites and pyroclastics constitute the acidic volcanics. Early post-volcanic alteration is evident through quartz and fluorite veins, while the presence of common kaolinitization, sericitization, and hematitization indicates late-stage post-volcanic alteration. The mineralogical examination of the acidic volcanics and stream sediments reveals enrichment in thorite, xenotime, monazite, zircon, and fluorite. Pyroclastic composition shows higher concentrations of incompatible trace elements than rhyolite, with enriched large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and relatively depleted high field strength elements (HFSE). Pyroclastic samples notably exhibit higher rare earth element (REE) concentrations (up to 906 ppm) relative to associated rhyolite (up to 95 ppm). The rhyolitic samples are characterized by fairly fractionated patterns ((La/Lu)N = 2.45–3.56) and moderately fractionated HREE contents ((Gd/Lu)N = 0.93–1.06). The pyroclastic samples display relatively weak fractionated patterns ((La/Lu)N = 0.06–2.06) and weak to unfractionated fractionated HREE contents ((Gd/Lu)N = 0.04–0.43). Both the Na/Ta and Y/Nb ratios suggest crustal magma sources for both acidic melts. Stream sediment samples reveal significant REE abundances, and its geochemical maps indicate enrichment in U and Th correlating with anomalies in REEs, Hf, Sn, W, Zr, Y, and Nb. The presence of pyroclastics upstream of Wadi Khor Um Safi suggests potential as a REE resource. The geochemical characteristics resemble a continental-arc setting formed through an active margin. REE abundance patterns in pyroclastic rocks and associated stream sediments exhibit the M-type tetrad effect and strong Europium (Eu) depletion as a result of fluid–melt interaction during late-stage fractional crystallization. Estimated pyroclastic formation temperatures range from 800 to 840 °C, indicating moderate crustal depths.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

    Ahmed El-Metwally, Amany Abdel-Bary & Azza Ragab

  2. Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi, P.O. Box 530, Cairo, Egypt

    Ashrif El-Azib

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  2. Amany Abdel-Bary
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  3. Ashrif El-Azib
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  4. Azza Ragab
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Correspondence to Azza Ragab.

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El-Metwally, A., Abdel-Bary, A., El-Azib, A. et al. Geochemistry and REE tetrad effect of the acidic volcanics and associated stream sediments, southeast G. El-Hadid area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. Arab J Geosci 17, 142 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-11912-9

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