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Evaluation of the Water Repellency and Structure of Cellulose Nanofibers Derived from Waste Hop Stems Using a Fluoroalkyl Silane Coupling Treatment

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Abstract

Fluorinated octyl silane-modified cellulose nanofibers (FOTS-CNF) were successfully prepared from 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized CNFs (TOCNFs) derived from agricultural waste hop stems. The surface structures of the FOTS-modified CNFs were site-specifically investigated by 13C/19F/29Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The spectroscopic results indicated that siloxane layers with fluorinated octyl chains extensively covered on the hydrophilic surface of the TOCNFs. This hydrophobic surface coating exhibited the highest water contact angle of 126.9°.

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Acknowledgements

Mr. Kosuke Nishimura and the Tono Ryokuho High School kindly provided the air-dried hop stems. We thank Mr. Shinji Ishihara of the Instrumental Analysis Center, Yokohama National University, for the technical assistance with the FTIR and SS-NMR spectroscopy.

Funding

This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Numbers JP21H05229, JP21J20591); JST COI-NEXT program (Grant Number JPMJPF2111); The Sumitomo Foundation (210760); and NEDO (Grant Number JPNP20004).

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  1. Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan

    Kohei Yamada, Noriko Kanai & Izuru Kawamura

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  1. Kohei Yamada
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Contributions

KY, NK and IK wrote the manuscript. KY performed TEMPO-oxidized experiments of hop stems, and surface modification. KY performed FTIR. KY and IK performed all NMR experiments. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Izuru Kawamura.

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Statement of novelty

Stems and leaves of hop (Humulus lupulus) accounting for approximately 75% of the biomass produced by hop cultivation are land-filled as agro-waste. In this work, fluorinated alkyl silane-modified cellulose nanofibers from waste hop stems were successfully prepared. Further, we found the relationship between the water-repellent function and the characteristic structure model. It provides the potential use of new biomass resources as hydrophobic materials.

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Yamada, K., Kanai, N. & Kawamura, I. Evaluation of the Water Repellency and Structure of Cellulose Nanofibers Derived from Waste Hop Stems Using a Fluoroalkyl Silane Coupling Treatment. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 1541–1552 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02254-w

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