Abstract
To improve the performance of battery cathode materials that consist of carbonaceous organic material, carbon coatings on lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4/C) materials were synthesized by different carbon sources. LiFePO4/C was synthesized by a combination method of sol–gel and gas-phase diffused permeation. LiFeO4/C materials were prepared by coating different carbon contents. High-performance composite materials were prepared by combining carbon with element doped by two modified methods. The elements of Fe and C came from Fe3+ and sucrose, glucose, citric acid. Thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), cycle voltammetry (CV), and charge–discharge test were used to characterize and test the surface morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance. The results show that LiFePO4/C synthesized with sucrose has higher specific discharge capacity than the other materials. The specific discharge capacity of this material is 84.27 mAh·g−1. The capacity retention could attain 94 % of the initial discharge capacity after 30 cycles, showing good electrochemical performance.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Padhi AK, Nanjundaswamy KS, Goodenough JB. Phospho-olivines as positive-electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. J Electrochem Soc. 1997;144(4):1188.
Lin L, Ma XG, Guo Y, Wang Q, Xiao D. Study on preparation and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 with microwave method. Res Appl Chem. 2010;22(5):570.
Jiang ZJ. Development and challenge of LiFePO4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. J Funct Mater. 2010;3(41):365.
Yang SF, Song YN, Peter Y, Zavalij M, Stanley W. Reactivity, stability and electrochemical behavior of lithium iron phosphates. Electrochem Commun. 2002;4(3):75.
Zhang SH, Dou QS. Research progress of material preparation method of cathode material for lithium-ion batteries lithium iron cathode. Xinjiang Nonferrous Metals. 2009;62(S1):134.
Yamada A, Chang SC, Hinokuma K. Optimized LiFePO4 for lithium battery cathodes. J Electrochem Soc. 2001;148(3):224.
Hu J, Feng ZS, Wang Y, Chen JJ, Wang XJ. Study on the preparation of composite LiFePO4/C cathode material mixing carbon doped by carbon thermal reduction method. Electron Compon Mater. 2013;32(11):23.
Tang ZY, Qiu RL, Teng GP. Study of LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium ion battery. Chem Ind Eng Prog. 2008;27(7):995.
Wang EX, Xu GR, Zheng HB, Zhang YX. An overview of coprecipitation method to synthesize LiFePO4. Guangdong Chem Ind. 2011;38(1):97.
Gao MY, Liu NQ, Li ZB, Li C. A gelatin-based sol–gel procedure to synthesize the LiFePO4/C nanocomposite for lithium ion batteries. Solid State Ion. 2014;34(6):8.
Zhang HF, Sun Z, Chen MJ. Preparation and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 by microwave synthesis. Power Syst. 2012;36(12):1787.
Wang LL, Ma PH, Li FQ. The structure and the electrochemical reaction mechanism of LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Chem Bull. 2008;1(9):17.
Zhong SK, Xu YB, Li YH, Zeng HH, Li W, Wang J. Synthesis and electrochemical performance of LiMnPO4/C composites cathode materials. Rare Met. 2012;31(5):474.
Hee PS, Hyoung KC. Preparation of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 powders for cathode material in secondary battery by solid-state method. Rare Met. 2006;25(6):186.
Zhou JX, Shen XQ, Jing MX, Zhan Y. Synthesis and electrochemical performances of spherical LiFePO4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. Rare Met. 2006;25(6):20.
Hamamoto K, Fukushima M, Mamiya M, Yoshizawa Y, Akimoto J, Suzuki T, Fujishiro Y. Morphology control and electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/C composite cathode for lithium ion batteries. Solid State Ion. 2012;225(14):562.
Kim JK, Choi JW, Cheruvally G, Ahn JH. A modified mechanical activation synthesis for carbon-coated LiFePO4 cathode in lithium batteries. Mater Lett. 2007;61(18):3822.
Cao YL, Yu LH, Li T, Yang HX. Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of carbon-coated nanocrystalline LiFePO4 prepared by polyacrylates-pyrolysis route. J Power Sources. 2007;172(2):1.
Neelima M, Amitava B, Alka G, Shobit O, Kantesh B. Progress in material selection for solid oxide fuel cell technology: a review. Prog Mater Sci. 2015;72(7):145.
Zhang YH, Cai Y, Li BW, Ren HP, Hou ZH, Zhao DL. Electrochemical hydrogen storage characteristics of the as-cast and annealed La0.8−x Pr x Mg0.2Ni3.35Al0.1Si0.05 (x = 0−0.4) electrode alloys. Rare Metal Mater Eng. 2013;42(10):1985.
Wang GX, Zhang XH, Han ES, Wang CX. Study on electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 cathode materials mixing different carbon sources. Inorg Salt Chem Ind. 2008;41(8):35.
Prosini PP, Carewska M, Scaccia S, Pasquali M. Long-term cyclability of nanostructured LiFePO4. Electrochim Acta. 2003;48(28):4205.
Xu J, Chen G, Xie CD. Synthesis and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C prepared by a new method. Solid State Commun. 2008;147(11–12):443.
Peng ZD, Cao YB, Zhou YL, Hu GR. Synthesis of LiFePO4 using FeSO4·7H2O byproduct from TiO2 production as raw materials. Rare Met. 2009;28(6):612.
Luo WB, Wen L, Luo HZ, Song RS, Zhai YC, Liu C, Li F. Carbon nanotube-modified LiFePO4 for high rate lithium ion batteries. New Carbon Mater. 2014;29(4):292.
Acknowledgments
This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51274143).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, X., Jiang, Y.Z., Li, X.K. et al. Electrochemical property of LiFePO4/C composite cathode with different carbon sources. Rare Met. 37, 743–749 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-016-0781-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-016-0781-9