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Comprehensive analysis of toxic metals and their sources accumulated by cultured Oreochromis niloticus in Pagla Sewage Treatment Plant, Narayanganj, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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Abstract

Toxic metals are discharged into water bodies from geologic and human-induced sources and easily absorbed in aquatic organisms through water and sediments. To assess the level of toxic metal contamination from lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) of the most consumed fish Oreochromis niloticus, their sources, and the health risk for inhabitants surrounding the area, a study was undertaken. Results indicated that Pb concentration in water in all the treatments was mild and does usually not exceed the permissible limits given by the WHO (2004), ECR (1997), and USEPA (1999), which are 10μg/L, 50 μg/L, and 15 μg/L, respectively. While the concentration of other selected toxic metals were within the tolerable limits. In sediment, maximum concentration of Pb was found in T5 (394±8.7 mg/kg) whereas minimum concentration in T3 (283±4.3 mg/kg). This result exceeds the limit of the FAO (1985), USEPA (1999), and EPA (2002). The concentration of Cr is also above the limit of FAO (1985), USEPA (1999), and EPA (2002). In case of fish of two groups, the concentration of Pb and Cd is above the detection limit with comparison with other international guidelines. For ecological risk assessment, contamination factor, and ecological risk factor were calculated. And for the health risk assessment, target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), estimated daily intake (EDI), and carcinogenic risk (CR) were observed simultaneously. The ecological risk (Eri) for sediments showed considerable ecological risk (80≤Eri<160). The ecological risk factor of Pb, Cr, Hg, and As are 24.5, 1.2, 27.2, and 3, respectively. The result showed that water and sediment quality of the ponds are contaminated due to atmospheric deposition, anthropogenic activities (rock weathering, manufacture of metal goods and batteries, wood treatment, tanning, plating, use of fertilizers, etc.), industrial effluents, and domestic sewage from the adjacent areas discharged into it. This research will be helpful for the proper management and monitoring of this treatment plant and surrounding inhabitants.

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Data availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Ramna, Dhaka, for providing all technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh

    Dulon Roy, Sheikh Saiful Islam & Farjana Rahman

  2. Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Shamshad Begum Quraishi & Mohammad Mozammal Hosen

  3. Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh

    Abdus Samad

  4. Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Gulshan Ara Latifa

Authors
  1. Dulon Roy
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  2. Sheikh Saiful Islam
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  3. Shamshad Begum Quraishi
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  4. Mohammad Mozammal Hosen
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  5. Farjana Rahman
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  6. Abdus Samad
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  7. Gulshan Ara Latifa
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Contributions

Dulon Roy, Shamshad Begum Quraishi, and Gulshan Ara Latifa imagined and designed the experiments; Shamshad Begum Quraishi provided all the laboratory facilities, and Sheikh Saiful Islam and Farjana Rahman performed the experiments; Sheikh Saiful Islam, Farjana Rahman, Abdus Samad, and Mohammad Mozammal Hosen analyzed the data; Dulon Roy wrote the paper. All authors read and agreed with the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Dulon Roy.

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Ethics approval

Mainly this study emphasizes on the toxic metal’s concentration accumulated in cultured fish tilapia O. niloticus and their sources. Tilapia is a food fish and we consume this fish very regularly.

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The manuscript does not contain any data from any individual person.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Responsible Editor: Amjad Kallel

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Roy, D., Islam, S.S., Quraishi, S.B. et al. Comprehensive analysis of toxic metals and their sources accumulated by cultured Oreochromis niloticus in Pagla Sewage Treatment Plant, Narayanganj, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Arab J Geosci 14, 1556 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07917-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07917-3

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