Abstract
Among legumes, lentil serves as an imperative source of dietary proteins and are considered an important pillar of global food and nutritional security. The crop is majorly cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions and exposed to different abiotic stresses. Drought stress is a polygenic stress that poses a major threat to the crop productivity of lentils. It negatively influenced the seed emergence, water relations traits, photosynthetic machinery, metabolites, seed development, quality, and yield in lentil. Plants develop several complex physiological and molecular protective mechanisms for tolerance against drought stress. These complicated networks are enabled to enhance the cellular potential to survive under extreme water-scarce conditions. As a result, proper drought stress-mitigating novel and modern approaches are required to improve lentil productivity. The currently existing biotechnological techniques such as transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/cas9), and detection of QTLs (quantitative trait loci), proteins, and genes responsible for drought tolerance have gained appreciation among plant breeders for developing climate-resilient lentil varieties. In this review, we critically elaborate the impact of drought on lentil, mechanisms employed by plants to tolerate drought, and the contribution of omics approaches in lentils for dealing with drought, providing deep insights to enhance lentil productivity and improve resistance against abiotic stresses. We hope this updated review will directly help the lentil breeders to develop resistance against drought stress.
Graphical Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
All data and figures in the review article are our own and original.
References
Abid M, Ali S, Qi LK, Zahoor R, Tian Z, Jiang D, Snider JL, Dai T (2018) Physiological and biochemical changes during drought and recovery periods at tillering and jointing stages in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sci Rep 8–1:4615. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21441-7
Akter S, Jahan I, Hossain MA, Hossain MA (2021) Laboratory-and field-phenotyping for drought stress tolerance and diversity study in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Phyton 90(3):949. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2021.014411
Allahmoradi P, Mansourifar C, Saidi M, Honarmand SJ (2013) Water deficiency and its effects on grain yield and some physiological traits during different growth stages in lentil (Lens culinaris L.) cultivars. Ann Biol Res 4–5:139–145
Amassaghrou A, Barkaoui K, Bouaziz A, Alaoui SB, Fatemi ZEA, Daoui K (2023) Yield and related traits of three legume crops grown in olive-based agroforestry under an intense drought in the South Mediterranean. Saudi J Biol Sci 30(4):103597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103597
Asghar MJ, Hameed A, Rizwan M, Shahid M, Atif RM (2021) Lentil wild genetic resource: a potential source of genetic improvement for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. In Wild Germplasm Genet Improv Crop Plants. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822137-2.00017-5
Aubert Y, Vile D, Pervent M, Aldon D, Ranty B, Simonneau T, Vavasseur A, Galaud JP (2010) RD20, a stress-inducible caleosin, participates in stomatal control, transpiration, and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 51–12:1975–1987. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcq155
Awasthi R, Kaushal N, Vadez V, Turner NC, Berger J, Siddique KH, Nayyar H (2014) Individual and combined effects of transient drought and heat stress on carbon assimilation and seed filling in chickpea. Funct Plant Biol 41–11:1148–1167. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP13340
Badhan S, Ball AS, Mantri N (2021) First report of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated DNA-free editing of 4CL and RVE7 genes in chickpea protoplasts. International J Mol Sci 22–1:396. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010396
Bansal R, Bana RS, Dikshit HK, Srivastava H, Priya S, Kumar S, Aski MS, Kumari NK, Gupta S, Kumar S (2023) Seed nutritional quality in lentil (Lens culinaris) under different moisture regimes. Front Nutr 10:1141040. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1141040
Behboudian MH, Ma Q, Turner NC, Palta JA (2001) Reactions of chickpea to water stress: yield and seed composition. J Sci Food Agric 81–13:1288–1291. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.939
Ben Ghoulam S, Zeroual A, Baidani A, Idrissi O (2022) Réponse au déficit hydrique progressif chez la lentille: vers une différentiation morpho-physiologique entre des accessions sauvages (Lens orientalis), populations locales et lignées avancées (Lens culinaris). Botany 100–1:33–46. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2020-0168
Bhandari K, Siddique KH, Turner NC, Kaur J, Singh S, Agrawal SK, Nayyar H (2016) Heat stress at reproductive stage disrupts leaf carbohydrate metabolism, impairs reproductive function, and severely reduces seed yield in lentil.J. Crop Improv 30–2:118–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2015.1134744
Bhattacharya A (2022) Low temperature stress and plant-water relationship: a review. Physiol Process Plants under Low Temp Stress 107:197. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9037-2_2
Biju S, Fuentes S, Gupta D (2017) Silicon improves seed germination and alleviates drought stress in lentil crops by regulating osmolytes, hydrolytic enzymes and antioxidant defense system. Plant Physiol Biochem 119:250–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.09.001
Biju S, Fuentes S, Gupta D (2021) Silicon modulates nitro-oxidative homeostasis along with antioxidant metabolism to promote drought stress tolerance in lentil plants. Physiol Plant 172–2:1382–1398. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13437
Biju S, Fuentes S, Gupta D (2023) Regulatory role of silicon on photosynthesis, gas-exchange, and yield related traits of drought-stressed lentil plants. SILICON. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.09.009
Bista DR, Heckathorn SA, Jayawardena DM, Mishra S, Boldt JK (2018) Effects of drought on nutrient uptake and the levels of nutrient-uptake proteins in roots of drought-sensitive and-tolerant grasses. Plants 7–2:28. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants7020028
Biswas S, Zhang D, Shi J (2021) CRISPR/Cas systems: opportunities and challenges for crop breeding. Plant Cell Rep 40(6):979–998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-021-02708-2
Blum A (2017) Osmotic adjustment is a prime drought stress adaptive engine in support of plant production. Plant Cell Environ 40–1:4–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12800
Bray EA (2004) Genes commonly regulated by water-deficit stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot 55(407):2331–2341. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erh270
Channaoui S, El Kahkahi R, Charafi J, Mazouz H, El Fechtali M, Nabloussi A (2017) Germination and seedling growth of a set of rapeseeds (Brassica napus) varieties under drought stress conditions. Int J Environ Agric Biotechnol 2–1:238696
Choukri H, Hejjaoui K, El-Baouchi A, El Haddad N, Smouni A, Maalouf F, Thavarajah D, Kumar S (2020) Heat and drought stress impact on phenology, grain yield, and nutritional quality of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus). Front Nutr 7:596307. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.596307
Choukri H, El Haddad N, Aloui K, Hejjaoui K, El-Baouchi A, Smouni A, Thavarajah D, Maalouf F, Kumar S (2022) Effect of high-temperature stress during the reproductive stage on grain yield and nutritional quality of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus). Front Nutr 9:857469. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.857469
Chowdhury NB, Schroeder WL, Sarkar D, Amiour N, Quilleré I, Hirel B, Maranas CD, Saha R (2022) Dissecting the metabolic reprogramming of maize root under nitrogen-deficient stress conditions. J Exp Bot 73(1):275–291. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab435
Chun SC, Paramasivan M, Chandrasekaran M (2018) Proline accumulation influenced by osmotic stress in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic plants. Front Microbiol 9:2525. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02525
D’Amelia L, Dell’Aversana E, Woodrow P, Ciarmiello LF, Carillo P (2018) Metabolomics for crop improvement against salinity stress. Salin Responses Toler Plants 267:287. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90318-7_11
Diniz AL, da Silva DIR, Lembke CG, Costa MDBL, Ten-Caten F, Li F, Vilela RD, Menossi M, Ware D, Endres L, Souza GM (2020) Amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism are coordinated to maintain energetic balance during drought in sugarcane. Int J Mol Sci 21(23):9124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239124
Dissanayake R, Kahrood HV, Dimech AM, Noy DM, Rosewarne GM, Smith KF, Cogan NO, Kaur S (2020) Development and application of image-based high-throughput phenotyping methodology for salt tolerance in lentils. Agronomy 10–12:1992. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121992
Dong S, Beckles DM (2019) Dynamic changes in the starch-sugar interconversion within plant source and sink tissues promote a better abiotic stress response. J Plant Physiol 234:80–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2019.01.007
Dutta H, Km S, Aski MS, Mishra GP, Sinha SK, Vijay D, Ct MP, Das S, Pawar PAM, Mishra DC, Singh AK (2023) Morpho-biochemical characterization of a RIL population for seed parameters and identification of candidate genes regulating seed size trait in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Front Plant Sci 14:1091432. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1091432
Edmeades GO (2013). Progress in achieving and delivering drought tolerance in maize-an update. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY, 130
El Haddad N, Choukri H, Ghanem ME, Smouni A, Mentag R, Rajendran K, Hejjaoui K, Maalouf F, Kumar S (2021) High-temperature and drought stress effects on growth, yield, and nutritional quality with transpiration response to vapor pressure deficit in lentil. Plants 11–1:95. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11010095
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (2022). Crop production and trade data. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home (accessed 30 December 2022)
Farooq M, Kobayashi N, Wahid A, Ito O, Basra SM (2009) 6 strategies for producing more rice with less water. Adv Agron 101(4):351–388
Foti C, Kalampokis IF, Aliferis KA, Pavli OI (2021) Metabolic responses of two contrasting lentil genotypes to peg-induced drought stress. Agronomy 11(6):1190. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061190
Foyer CH, Noctor G (2009) Redox regulation in photosynthetic organisms: signaling, acclimation, and practical implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 11–4:861–905. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2008.2177
Gill SS, Tuteja N (2010a) Polyamines and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Plant Signal Behav 5–1:26–33. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.5.1.10291
Gill SS, Tuteja N (2010b) Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 48(12):909–930. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12800
Gorim LY, Vandenberg A (2018) Can wild lentil genotypes help improve water use and transpiration efficiency in cultivated lentil? Plant Genet Resour 16–5:459–468
Gou WEI, Tian LI, Ruan ZHI, Zheng PENG, Chen FUCAI, Zhang L, Cui Z, Zheng P, Li Z, Gao MEI, Shi WEI (2015) Accumulation of choline and glycine betaine and drought stress tolerance induced in maize (Zea mays) by three plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains. Pak J Bot 47–2:581–586
Gupta A, Rico-Medina A, Caño-Delgado AI (2020) The physiology of plant responses to drought. Science 368–6488:266–269
Hojjat SS, Ganjali A (2016) The effect of silver nanoparticles on lentil seed germination under drought stress. Int J Farm Allied Sci 5–3:208–212
Hossain MA, Mostofa MG, Fujita M (2013) Cross protection by cold-shock to salinity and drought stress-induced oxidative stress in mustard (Brassica campestris L.) seedlings. Mol Plant Breed 4–7:50–70. https://doi.org/10.5376/mpb.2013.04.0007
Hossain MA, Kumar V, Burritt DJ, Fujita M, Mäkelä P (2019) Osmoprotectant-mediated abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Proline Metab Funct Dev Stress Toler 41:72
Hosseini SZ, Ismaili A, Nazarian-Firouzabadi F, Fallahi H, Nejad AR, Sohrabi SS (2021) Dissecting the molecular responses of lentil to individual and combined drought and heat stresses by comparative transcriptomic analysis. Genomics 113(2):693–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.12.038
Hosseinifard M, Stefaniak S, Ghorbani Javid M, Soltani E, Wojtyla Ł, Garnczarska M (2022) Contribution of exogenous proline to abiotic stresses tolerance in plants: a review. Int J Mol Sci 23(9):5186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095186
Hu L, Zhou K, Ren G, Yang S, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Gong X, Ma F (2020) Myo-inositol mediates reactive oxygen species-induced programmed cell death via salicylic acid-dependent and ethylene-dependent pathways in apple. Hortic Res. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00357-2
Hu F, Zhang Y, Guo J (2023) Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic physiological characteristics, leaf microstructure, and related gene expression of yellow horn. Plant Signal Behav 18(1):2215025. https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2023.2215025
Idrissi O, Udupa SM, Houasli C, De Keyser E, Van Damme P, De Riek J (2015) Genetic diversity analysis of Moroccan lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) landraces using simple sequence repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphisms reveals functional adaptation towards agro-environmental origins. Plant Breed 134–3:322–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12261
Idrissi O, Sahri A, Houasli C, Nsarellah N (2019) Breeding progress, adaptation, and stability for grain yield in Moroccan lentil improved varieties. Crop Sci 59–3:925–936. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2018.07.0431
Idrissi O, Houasli C, Amamou A, Nsarellah N (2020) Lentil genetic improvement in Morocco: State of art of the program, major achievements and perspectives. Moroc J Agric Sci. 1(1)
Jacob C, Carrasco B, Schwember AR (2016) Advances in breeding and biotechnology of legume crops. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult (PCTOC) 127:561–584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-016-1106-2
Jan N, Rather AMUD, John R, Chaturvedi P, Ghatak A, Weckwerth W, Zargar SM, Mir RA, Khan MA, Mir RR (2023) Proteomics for abiotic stresses in legumes: present status and future directions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 43–2:171–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2021.2025033
Jha UC, Bohra A, Nayyar H (2020) Advances in “omics” approaches to tackle drought stress in grain legumes. Plant Breed 139(1):1–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12761
Jorge GL, Kisiala A, Morrison E, Aoki M, Nogueira APO, Emery RN (2019) Endosymbiotic Methylobacterium oryzae mitigates the impact of limited water availability in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) by increasing plant cytokinin levels. Environ Exp Bot 162:525–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.03.028
Kemble AR, Macpherson HT (1954) Liberation of amino acids in perennial ryegrass during wilting. Biochem J 58(1):46. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0580046
Khan MA, Asaf S, Khan AL, Jan R, Kang SM, Kim KM, Lee IJ (2020) Thermotolerance effect of plant growth-promoting Bacillus cereus SA1 on soybean during heat stress. IBMC Microbiol 20–1:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-01822-7
Khan MKR, Ditta A, Wang B, Fang L, Anwar Z, Ijaz A, Ahmed SR, Khan SM (2023). The intervention of multi-omics approaches for developing abiotic stress resistance in cotton crop under climate change. In Sustain. Agric. Era OMICs Revolut. 37–82
Khatib F, Makris A, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Kumar S, Sarker A, Erskine W, Baum M (2011) Expression of the DREB1A gene in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. Subsp. culinaris) transformed with the Agrobacterium system. Crop Pasture Sci 62(6):488–495. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP10351
Kumar S, Choudhary AK, Rana KS, Sarker A, Singh M (2018) Bio-fortification potential of global wild annual lentil core collection. PLoS ONE 13–1:0191122. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191122
Kumar M, Tak Y, Potkule J, Choyal P, Tomar M, Meena NL, Kaur C (2020) Phenolics as plant protective companion against abiotic stress. Plant Phenolics Sustain Agric 1:277–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4890-1_12
Lake L, Izzat N, Kong T, Sadras VO (2021) High-throughput phenotyping of plant growth rate to screen for waterlogging tolerance in lentil. J Agron Crop Sci 207(6):995–1005. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12522
Lamaoui M, Jemo M, Datla R, Bekkaoui F (2018) Heat and drought stresses in crops and approaches for their mitigation. Front Chem 6:26. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00026
Li T, Angeles O, Radanielson A, Marcaida M, Manalo E (2015) Drought stress impacts of climate change on rainfed rice in South Asia. Clim Change 133:709–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-015-1487-y
Malik JA, Mishra G, Hajam YA, Lone R, Quazi S (2022) Metabolome analyses in response to diverse abiotic stress. In Omics Approach to Manage Abiotic Stress Cereals. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0140-9_6
Marsh JI, Hu H, Gill M, Batley J, Edwards D (2021) Crop breeding for a changing climate: integrating phenomics and genomics with bioinformatics. Theor Appl Genet 134:1677–1690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03820-3
Martínez-Acedo P, Nunez E, Gomez FJS, Moreno M, Ramos E, Izquierdo-Alvarez A, Miro-Casas E, Mesa R, Rodriguez P, Martínez-Ruiz A, Dorado DG (2012) A novel strategy for global analysis of the dynamic thiol redox proteome. Mol Cell Proteom 11–9:800–813. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M111.016469
Mehrotra S, Dimkpa CO, Goyal V (2023) Survival mechanisms of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under saline conditions. Plant Physiol Biochem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108168
Melandri G, AbdElgawad H, Riewe D, Hageman JA, Asard H, Beemster GT, Kadam N, Jagadish K, Altmann T, Ruyter-Spira C, Bouwmeester H (2020) Biomarkers for grain yield stability in rice under drought stress. J Exp Bot 71–2:669–683. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz221
Mishra BK, Srivastava JP, Lal JP, Sheshshayee MS (2016) Physiological and biochemical adaptations in lentil genotypes under drought stress. Russ J Plant Physiol 63:695–708. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443716040117
Mishra SS, Behera PK, Kumar V, Lenka SK, Panda D (2018) Physiological characterization and allelic diversity of selected drought-tolerant traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces of Koraput. India Physiol Mol Biol Plants 24:1035–1046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-018-0606-4
Moayedi AA, Boyce AN, Barakbah SS (2010) The performance of durum and bread wheat genotypes associated with yield and yield component under different water deficit conditions. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 4–1:106–113
Morgil H, Tardu M, Cevahir G, Kavakli İH (2019) Comparative RNA-seq analysis of the drought-sensitive lentil (Lens culinaris) root and leaf under short-and long-term water deficits. Funct Integr Genom 19:715–727. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-019-00675-2
Muscolo A, Junker A, Klukas C, Weigelt-Fischer K, Riewe D, Altmann T (2015) Phenotypic and metabolic responses to drought and salinity of four contrasting lentil accessions. J Exp Bot 66–18:5467–5480. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv208
Nandi R, Mukherjee S, Bandyopadhyay PK, Saha M, Singh KC, Ghatak P, Kundu A, Saha S, Nath R, Chakraborti P (2023) Assessment and mitigation of soil water stress of rainfed lentil (Lens culinaries Medik) through sowing time, tillage and potassic fertilization disparities. Agric Water Manag 277:108120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.108120
Öktem HA, Eyidoðan F, Demirba D, Bayraç AT, Öz MT, Özgür E, Selçuk F, Yücel M (2008) Antioxidant responses of lentil to cold and drought stress. J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 17:15–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03263254
Patrignani A, Ochsner TE (2015) Canopeo: A powerful new tool for measuring fractional green canopy cover. Agron j 107–6:2312–2320. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj15.0150
Qi J, Song CP, Wang B, Zhou J, Kangasjärvi J, Zhu JK, Gong Z (2018) Reactive oxygen species signaling and stomatal movement in plant responses to drought stress and pathogen attack. J Integr Plant Biol 60(9):805–826. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12654
Ramsay L, Koh CS, Kagale S, Gao D, Kaur S, Haile T, Gela TS, Chen LA, Cao Z, Konkin DJ, Toegelová H (2021). Genomic rearrangements have consequences for introgression breeding as revealed by genome assemblies of wild and cultivated lentil species. Biorxiv 2021–07. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz7614
Rasheed A, Hassan MU, Aamer M, Batool M, Sheng F, Ziming WU, Huijie LI (2020) A critical review on the improvement of drought stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj-Napoca 48(4):1756–1788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-016-1106-2
Rasheed A, Gill RA, Hassan MU, Mahmood A, Qari S, Zaman QU, Ilyas M, Aamer M, Batool M, Li H, Wu Z (2021) A critical review: recent advancements in the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to enhance crops and alleviate global food crises. Curr Issues Mol Biol 43–3:1950–1976. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb43030135
Raza A (2020) Metabolomics: a systems biology approach for enhancing heat stress tolerance in plants. Plant Cell Rep. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02635-8
Raza A, Razzaq A, Mehmood SS, Zou X, Zhang X, Lv Y, Xu J (2019) Impact of climate change on crop adaptation and strategies to tackle its outcome: a review. Plants 8–2:34. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8020034
Raza A, Tabassum J, Fakhar AZ, Sharif R, Chen H, Zhang C, Ju L, Fotopoulos V, Siddique KH, Singh RK, Zhuang W (2022) Smart reprogramming of plants against salinity stress using modern biotechnological tools. Crit Rev Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2022.2093695
Razzaq A, Sadia B, Raza A, Khalid Hameed M, Saleem F (2019) Metabolomics: a way forward for crop improvement. Metabolites 9(12):303. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9120303
Razzaq A, Kaur P, Akhter N, Wani SH, Saleem F (2021) Next-generation breeding strategies for climate-ready crops. Front Plant Sci 12:620420. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.620420
Rostampour P, Hamidian M, Dehnavi MM, Saeidimajd GA (2023) Evaluation of osmoregulation and morpho-physiological responses of Borago officinalis under drought and salinity stress with equal osmotic potential. Biochem Syst Ecol 106:104567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2022.104567
Sachdev S, Ansari SA, Ansari MI (2023) Antioxidant defensive mechanisms to regulate cellular redox homeostatic balance. React Oxyg Species Plants Right Balance. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9884-3_9
Saini S, Sharma P, Singh P, Kumar V, Yadav P, Sharma A (2023) Nitric oxide: an emerging warrior of plant physiology under abiotic stress. Nitric Oxide. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2023.10.001
Scheben A, Wolter F, Batley J, Puchta H, Edwards D (2017) Towards CRISPR/Cas crops–bringing together genomics and genome editing. New Phytol 216(3):682–698. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14702
Sehgal A, Sita K, Kumar J, Kumar S, Singh S, Siddique KH, Nayyar H (2017) Effects of drought, heat and their interaction on the growth, yield and photosynthetic function of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) genotypes varying in heat and drought sensitivity. Front Plant Sci 8:1776. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01776
Sehgal A, Sita K, Siddique KH, Kumar R, Bhogireddy S, Varshney RK, HanumanthaRao B, Nair RM, Prasad PV, Nayyar H (2018) Drought or/and heat-stress effects on seed filling in food crops: impacts on functional biochemistry, seed yields, and nutritional quality. Front Plant Sci 9:1705. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01705
Sehgal A, Sita K, Bhandari K, Kumar S, Kumar J, Vara Prasad PV, Siddique KH, Nayyar H (2019) Influence of drought and heat stress, applied independently or in combination during seed development, on qualitative and quantitative aspects of seeds of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) genotypes, differing in drought sensitivity. Plant Cell Environ 42(1):198–211
Sfeir A, Symington LS (2015) Microhomology-mediated end joining: a backup survival mechanism or dedicated pathway? Trends Biochem Sci 40(11):701–714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs
Shah W, Ullah S, Ali S, Idrees M, Khan MN, Ali K, Khan A, Ali M, Younas F (2021) Effect of exogenous alpha-tocopherol on physio-biochemical attributes and agronomic performance of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) under drought stress. PLoS ONE 16(8):0248200. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248200
Shi Y, Zhang Y, Han W, Feng R, Hu Y, Guo J, Gong H (2016) Silicon enhances water stress tolerance by improving root hydraulic conductance in Solanum lycopersicum L. Front Plant Sci 7:196. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00196
Shrestha R, Siddique KHM, Turner NC, Turner DW, Berger JD (2005) Growth and seed yield of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) genotypes of West Asian and South Asian origin and crossbreds between the two under rainfed conditions in Nepal. Aust J Agric Res 56–9:971–981. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR05050
Shrestha R, Turner NC, Siddique KH, Turner DW, Speijers J (2006) A water deficit during pod development in lentils reduces flower and pod numbers but not seed size. Aust J Agric Res 57–4:427–438. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR05225
Singh D, Laxmi A (2015) Transcriptional regulation of drought response: a tortuous network of transcriptional factors. Front Plant Sci 6:895. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00895
Singh AK, Sopory SK, Wu R, Singla-Pareek SL (2010) Transgenic approaches Abiotic stress adapt. Plants Physiol Mol Genom. 417:450
Singh BP, Jayaswal PK, Singh B, Singh PK, Kumar V, Mishra S, Singh N, Panda K, Singh NK (2015) Natural allelic diversity in OsDREB1F gene in the Indian wild rice germplasm led to ascertain its association with drought tolerance. Plant Cell Rep 34:993–1004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-015-1760-6
Singh D, Singh CK, Taunk J, Tomar RSS (2016) Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of seedling survival drought tolerance gene in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus). Mol Breed 36:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-016-0474-y
Singh D, Singh CK, Taunk J, Tomar RSS, Chaturvedi AK, Gaikwad K, Pal M (2017) Transcriptome analysis of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) in response to seedling drought stress. BMC Genom 18:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3596-7
Sinha R, Pal AK, Singh AK (2018) Physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes under drought stress. Indian J Plant Physiol 23–4:772–784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-018-0411-7
Sita K, Sehgal A, Bhardwaj A, Bhandari K, Jha U, Vara Prasad PV, Singh S, Kumar S, Siddique KH, Nayyar H (2022) Selenium supplementation to lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) under combined heat and drought stress improves photosynthetic ability, antioxidant systems, reproductive function, and yield traits. Plant Soil. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05310-x
Sita K, Sehgal A, Bhardwaj A, Bhandari K, Jha U, Vara Prasad PV, Singh S, Kumar S, Siddique KH, Nayyar H (2023) Selenium supplementation to lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under combined heat and drought stress improves photosynthetic ability, antioxidant systems, reproductive function and yield traits. Plant Soil 486(1–2):7–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05310-x
Sulieman S, Tran LSP (2013) Asparagine: an amide of particular distinction in the regulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation of legumes. Crit Rev Biotechnol 33–3:309–327. https://doi.org/10.3109/07388551.2012.695770
Tayade R, Kulkarni KP, Jo H, Song JT, Lee JD (2019) Insight into the prospects for the improvement of seed starch in legume—a review. Front Plant Sci 10:1213. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01213
Urmi TA, Islam MM, Zumur KN, Abedin MA, Haque MM, Siddiqui MH, Murata Y, Hoque MA (2023) Combined effect of salicylic acid and proline mitigates drought stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through the modulation of physiological attributes and antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidants 12(7):1438. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071438
Venugopalan VK, Nath R, Sengupta K, Pal AK, Banerjee S, Banerjee P, Chandran MAS, Roy S, Sharma L, Hossain A, Siddique KH (2022) Foliar spray of micronutrients alleviates heat and moisture stress in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) grown under rainfed field conditions. Front Plant Sci 13:847743. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.847743
Wagay NA, Rafiq S, Khan A, Kaloo ZA, Malik AR, Pulate PV (2023) Impact of phenolics on drought stress and expression of phenylpropanoid pathway genes. In Plant Phenolics Abiotic Stress Manag 265:285. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6426-8_13
Watson BN, Steens JA, Staals RH, Westra ER, van Houte S (2021) Coevolution between bacterial CRISPR-Cas systems and their bacteriophages. Cell Host Microbe 29(5):715–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2021.03.018
Weschke W, Panitz R, Sauer N, Wang Q, Neubohn B, Weber H, Wobus U (2000) Sucrose transport into barley seeds: molecular characterization of two transporters and implications for seed development and starch accumulation. Plant J 21–5:455–467. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00695.x
Wong MM, Gujaria-Verma N, Ramsay L, Yuan HY, Caron C, Diapari M, Vandenberg A, Bett KE (2015) Classification and characterization of species within the genus Lens using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). PLoS ONE 10(3):0122025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122025
Xu G, Fan X, Miller AJ (2012) Plant nitrogen assimilation and use efficiency. Annu Rev Plant Biol 63:153–182
Yadav R, Mehrotra M, Singh AK, Niranjan A, Singh R, Sanyal I, Lehri A, Pande V, Amla DV (2017) Improvement in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by the inhibition of polyphenolics released during wounding of cotyledonary node explants. Protoplasma 254:253–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0940-0
Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (2006) Transcriptional regulatory networks in cellular responses and tolerance to dehydration and cold stresses. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:781–803. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105444
Yang Y, Saand MA, Huang L, Abdelaal WB, Zhang J, Wu Y, Li J, Sirohi MH, Wang F (2021) Applications of multi-omics technologies for crop improvement. Front Plant Sci 12:563953. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.563953
Yasmeen S, Wahab A, Saleem MH, Ali B, Qureshi KA, Jaremko M (2022) Melatonin as a foliar application and adaptation in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) crops under drought stress. Sustainability 14–24:16345. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416345
Zargar SM, Gupta N, Nazir M, Mahajan R, Malik FA, Sofi NR, Shikari AB, Salgotra RK (2017) Impact of drought on photosynthesis: Molecular perspective. Plant Gene 11:154–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plgene.2017.04.003
Zeroual A, Baidani A, Idrissi O (2022) Drought stress in lentil (Lens culinaris, medik) and approaches for its management. Horticulturae 9–1:1. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010001
Zhang HH, Xu N, Teng ZY, Wang JR, Ma S, Wu X, Li X, Sun GY (2019) 2-Cys Prx plays a critical role in scavenging H2O2 and protecting photosynthetic function in the leaves of tobacco seedlings under drought stress. J Plant Interact 14–1:119–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2018.1562111
Zhang H, Liu D, Yang B, Liu WZ, Mu B, Song H, Chen B, Li Y, Ren D, Deng H, Jiang YQ (2020) Arabidopsis CPK6 positively regulates ABA signaling and drought tolerance through phosphorylating ABA-responsive element-binding factors. J Exp Bot 71–1:188–203. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz432
Zinselmeier C, Jeong BR, Boyer JS (1999) Starch and the control of kernel number in maize at low water potentials. Plant Physiol 121–1:25–36. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.121.1.25
Zulfiqar F, Ashraf M (2023) Proline alleviates abiotic stress induced oxidative stress in plants. J Plant Growth Regul 42(8):4629–4651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10839-3
Funding
University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceptualization: SS, AS; Writing Original draft: SS; Investigation, Data Curation, and Formal analysis: SS, PS, JS, PP; Supervision and Validation: AS; Writing- review & editing: SS, AS, PS, JS, PP. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Saini, S., Sharma, P., Sharma, J. et al. Drought stress in Lens culinaris: effects, tolerance mechanism, and its smart reprogramming by using modern biotechnological approaches. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 30, 227–247 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-024-01417-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-024-01417-w