Abstract
This research applies pure sociology to the negotiation activity of Mexican drug trafficking organizations (DTOs). By operationalizing status along several social dimensions, the author employs crisp set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (cs QCA) to identify unique status configurations associated with negotiative interactions with the state. The results indicate that high status configurations are unique to groups that utilize negotiations in a particular territory. These findings provide further insight into the different positions of strength from which DTOs will pursue non-violent activity.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Based on previous research utilizing Mexican DTO narco-messages (Dulin and Patiño 2014), this author approached the current research effort with the understanding that integrative negotiations would be an infrequent occurrence. As such, the author eschewed traditional statistical analyses.
Integrative negotiations were viewed as a rare occurrence based on previous research. As such, any groups that attained status levels conducive to this negotiative activity during the first period of analysis were deemed to be few if any.
References
Bailey J, Taylor MM (2009) Evade, corrupt, or confront? Organized crime and the state in Brazil and Mexico. Journal of Politics in Latin America 1(2):3–29
Balderas A (2012) Los Caballeros Templarios envían mensaje a EPN. Sexenio. Retrieved from http://www.sexenio.com.mx/articulo.php?id=23192. Accessed 13 Sept 2016
Beare ME (1997) Corruption and organized crime: lessons from history. Crime Law Soc Chang 28(2):155–172. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008220609526
Beittel JS (2011) Mexico’s drug trafficking organizations: source and scope of the rising violence. Congressional Research Service (CRS) report for Congress, 7–7500
Black D (1976) The behavior of law. Academic Press, New York
Black D (1993) The social structure of right and wrong. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego
Black D (2004) The geometry of terrorism. Sociol Theory 22(1):14–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2004.00201.x
Bonello D (2016) Élites y crimen organizado comparten una larga historia en Tamaulipas. México, Insight Crime Retrieved from http://es.insightcrime.org/analisis/elites-crimen-organizado-comparten-larga-historia-tamaulipas-mexico. Accessed 3 Oct 2016
Booth W (2009) Mexican leader vows to press fight against cartels. Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/19/AR2009021903269.html. Accessed 22 June 2015
Botello BE (2011). Arrestan a Dama Templaria. Cronica. Retrieved from http://www.cronica.com.mx/notas/2011/601187.html. Accessed 7 May 2016
Caballeros Templarios "clausuran" negocios en Zihuatanejo (2012) SDP Noticias. Retrieved from http://www.expedientenoticias.com/caballeros-templarios-clausuran-negocios-en-zihuatanejo-3494. Accessed 19 Sept 2016
Caputo P (2009) The fall of Mexico. The Atlantic. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/12/the-fall-of-mexico/307760/. Accessed 7 Jan 2009
Carlson L (2014) There's little mystery to this mass grave: Mexico's drug war is killing children. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/oct/07/mass-grave-mexico-drug-war-killing-children. Accessed 29 Oct 2016
Carnevale PJD, Lawler EJ (1986) Time pressure and the development of integrative agreements in bilateral negotiations. J Confl Resolut 30(4):636–659. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002786030004003
Carrell MR, Heavrin C (2007) Negotiating essentials: theory, skills, and practices. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River
Castellanos GV (2012) Historia del narcotrafico en Mexico. Aguilar, Mexico City
Castillo EE (2015) New cartel arises from Mexico’s assault on big drug lords. Salon. Retrieved from http://www.salon.com/2015/05/09/new_cartel_arises_from_mexicos_assault_on_big_drug_lords/. Accessed 7 June 2015
Cervantes J (2015) Guerrero: Tierra de cartels. Proceso. Retrieved from http://www.proceso.com.mx/424007/guerrero-tierra-de-carteles. Accessed 13 Jan 2017
Cervantes J (2016) Alcalde de Pungarabato había denunciado extorsiones y amenazas del narco. Proceso. Retrieved from http://www.proceso.com.mx/448542/alcalde-pungarabato-habia-denunciado-extorsiones-amenazas-del-narco. Accessed 26 July 2016
Coleman R, Fraser CRP (1979) Integrative vs distributive bargaining: choosing a problem resolution process. Ind Relat 34(3):546–562. https://doi.org/10.7202/028990ar
Continúan apareciendo narcomantas dirigidas a Felipe Calderón (2012) SDP Noticias. https://www.sdpnoticias.com/nacional/2012/11/28/continuan-apareciendo-narcomantas-dirigidas-a-felipe-calderon. Accessed 27 Nov 2017
Contreras EF (2011) Los Beltrán compraron todo Acapulco, revelan expedientes de la Siedo. Proceso. Retrieved from http://www.proceso.com.mx/279258/los-beltran-compraron-todo-acapulco-revelan-expedientes-de-la-siedo. Accessed 7 March 2015
Contreras EF (2012a) Inicia 2012 en Guerrero con dos ejecutados; matan también a líder de “Los Templarios”. Proceso. Retrieved from http://www.proceso.com.mx/293340/inicia-2012-en-guerrero-con-dos-ejecutados-matan-tambien-a-lider-de-templarios. Accessed 13 Sept 2016
Contreras EF (2012b) Colocan Los Caballeros Templarios tres narcomantas en Guerrero. Proceso. Retreived from http://www.proceso.com.mx/307235/colocan-caballeros-templarios-tres-narcomantas-en-guerrero. Accessed 13 Sept 2016
Contreras EF (2012c) En mantas, “Zetas” piden tregua a “Los Caballeros Templarios”. Proceso. Retrieved from http://www.proceso.com.mx/319624/en-mantas-zetas-piden-tregua-a-caballeros-templarios. Accessed 13 Sept 2016
Contreras EF (2013) Guerrero, entre el narco, las autodefensas y… la guerrilla. Proceso. Retrieved from http://www.proceso.com.mx/346986/guerrero-entre-el-narco-las-autodefensas-y-la-guerrilla-2. Accessed 3 June 2016
Cordova N (2007) La subcultura del “narco”: La fuerza de la transgresion. Cultura y Representaciones Sociales 2(3):106–130
Coscia M, Rios V (2012) How and where do criminals operate? Using Google to track Mexican drug trafficking organizations. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Government, Harvard University. Retrieved from http://www.gov.harvard.edu/files/CosciaRios_GoogleForCriminals.pdf. Accessed 7 June 2015
Dal Bó E, Dal Bó P, Di Tella R (2006) “Plata o plomo?”: bribe and punishment in a theory of political influence. Am Polit Sci Rev 100(01):41–53. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055406061995
de Mauleón H (2010) La ruta de sangre de Beltrán Leyva. Nexos. Retrieved from http://www.nexos.com.mx/?p=13503. Accessed 17 Nov 2016
Decomisan 120 cascos ceremoniales a Los Caballeros Templarios (2012) Proceso. Retrieved from http://www.proceso.com.mx/299472/decomisan-120-cascos-ceremoniales-a-los-caballeros-templarios. Accessed 1 Sept 2016
Desestima gobernador de Michoacan, Fausto Vallejo las narcomantas (2012) La Policiaca. Retrieved from http://www.lapoliciaca.com/nota-roja/desestima-fausto-vallejo-narcomantas/. Accessed 13 Jan 2015
Dulin AL, Patiño J (2014) The logic of cartel car bombings in México. Trends in Organized Crime 17(4):271–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-014-9230-z
Dur R, Van der Weele J (2013) Status-seeking in criminal subcultures and the double dividend of zero-tolerance. Journal of Public Economic Theory 15(1):77–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12010
El narco manda (2005) Proceso. Retrieved from http://www.proceso.com.mx/96784/el-narco-manda. Accessed 6 June 2016
El zar antidrogas que protegio a un capo (2013) Milenio. Retrieved from http://www.milenio.com/policia/zar-antidrogas-protegio-capo_0_211179349.html. Accessed 19 Sept 2015
Flores N (2013) Los 89 cárteles que arrasan México. Contralínea. Retrieved from http://www.contralinea.com.mx/archivo-revista/index.php/2013/06/02/los-89-carteles-arrasan-mexico/. Accessed 23 Oct 2016
Flores R (2015) ¿Cómo es la estructura de los Templarios?. Excelsior. Retrieved from http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2015/02/28/1010731. Accessed 10 June 2016
Giran orden de captura contra El Quilles, presunto líder templario en Guerrero (2016) Proceso. Retrieved from http://www.proceso.com.mx/431964/giran-orden-de-aprehension-contra-el-quilles-presunto-lider-de-los-caballeros-templarios. Accessed 23 May 2016
Goldman F (2014) Crisis in Mexico: the disappearance of the forty-three. The New Yorker. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/crisis-mexico-disappearance-forty-three. Accessed 17 Nov 2014
Grillo I (2011) Crusaders of meth: Mexico's deadly knights Templar. Time. Retrieved from http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2079430,00.html. Accessed 8 June 2015
Grillo I (2014) Mexico’s deadly narco-politics. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/10/opinion/mexicos-deadly-narco-politics.html. Accessed 10 Oct 2014
Jacques S (2010) The necessary conditions for retaliation: toward a theory of non-violent and violent forms in drug markets. Justice Q 27(2):186–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820902873860
Jacques S, Wright R (2008) The relevance of peace to studies of drug market violence. Criminology 46(1):221–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2008.00102.x
Jaffe R (2013) The hybrid state: crime and citizenship in urban Jamaica. Am Ethnol 40(4):734–748. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12051
Kryt J (2016) Why the military will never beat Mexico’s cartels. The Daily Beast. Retrieved from http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/04/02/will-mexico-s-surreal-drug-war-ever-end.html. Accessed 6 May 2016
La “fatídica decisión” de utilizar a militares contra el narco desencadenó violencia” en México: The Lancet. (2016) Proceso. Retrieved from http://www.proceso.com.mx/435042/la-fatidica-decision-utilizar-a-militares-contra-narco-desencadeno-violencia-en-mexico-the-lancet. Accessed 14 April 2016
La Nueva Federación dominaría el narco en México, prevé empresa estadunidense (2011) La Jornada. Retrieved from http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2011/01/06/politica/009n1pol. Accessed 17 Oct 2016
Lessing B (2013) The logic of violence in drug wars: Cartel-state conflict in Mexico, Brazil and Colombia. CDDRL working papers, Vol. 145. Retrieved from http://cddrl.fsi.stanford.edu/publications/the_logic_of_violence_in_drug_wars_cartelstate_conflict_in_mexico_brazil_and_colombia. Accessed 24 Feb 2014
Los 'Cárteles Unidos' ofrecen un nuevo pacto a Calderón contra Los Zetas (2011) El Mundo. Retrieved from http://www.elmundo.es/america/2011/03/06/mexico/1299433370.html. Accessed 8 June 2015
Martínez G (2008) La muerte de Rodolfo Carrillo. Noroeste. Retrieved from http://www.noroeste.com.mx/publicaciones.php?id=409384. Accessed 8 March 2016
Miranda J (2010) Ejecutan a 2 en Cuernavaca. El Universal. Retrieved from http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/671635.html. Accessed 9 Dec 2015
Montes J (2015) Deadly Mexican cartel rises as new threat. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/articles/deadly-mexican-cartel-rises-as-new-threat-1431509401. Accessed 18 May 2015
Morris SD (2013) Drug trafficking, corruption, and violence in Mexico: mapping the linkages. Trends in Organized Crime 16(2):195–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-013-9191-7
Muere Arturo Beltrán Leyva en Morelos al enfrentar a elementos de la Armada (2009) La Jornada. Retrieved from http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2009/12/17/politica/005n1pol. Accessed 17 March 2016
Oyarvide CM (2011) La guerra contra el narcotrafico en Mexico. Debilidad del estado, orden local y fracaso de una estrategia. Aposa, 50. Retrieved from http://www.apostadigital.com/revistav3/hemeroteca/oyarvide.pdf. Accessed 9 Oct 2015
Penhaul K (2010) La ley del silencio en Reynosa solo la rompe…Twitter. Expansion. Retrieved from http://expansion.mx/nacional/2010/06/21/la-ley-del-silencio-en-reynosa-solo-la-rompe-twitter. Accessed 21 June 2016
Phillips S, Cooney M (2005) Aiding peace, abetting violence: third parties and the management of conflict. Am Sociol Rev 70(2):334–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240507000207
Ragin CC (1987) The comparative method. Moving beyond qualitative and quantitative strategies. University of California Press, Berkeley
Ravelo R (2011) El narco en Mexico. Grijalbo, Mexico City
Reagan M (2012) Rincón trial witness explains duties of cartel plaza bosses. The Brownsville Herald. Retrieved fromhttp://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/local/article_c4ac9e44-0464-11e2-ba4d-0019bb30f31a.html?mode=jqm. Accessed 13 Dec 2015
Reynosa: La batalla por la plaza (2009) Proceso. Retrieved from http://www.proceso.com.mx/86083/reynosa-la-batalla-por-la-plaza. Accessed 8 Nov 2016
Rihoux B, Lobe B (2009) The case for qualitative comparative analysis (QCA): adding leverage for thick cross-case comparison. In: Byrne D, Ragin CC (eds) The sage handbook of case-based methods. Sage, Thousand Oaks, pp 222–242
Rios V (2012) Tendencias y explicaciones al asesinato de periodistas y alcaldes en México: El crimen organizado y la violencia de alto perfil. Unpublished manuscript, Harvard University. Retrieved from: http://www.gov.harvard.edu/files/Rios2012_PoliticalAssassinations.pdf. Accessed 3 Sept 2014
Rios V (2015) How government coordination controlled organized crime: the case of Mexico’s cocaine markets. J Confl Resolut 59(8):1433–1454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002715587052
Sabet D (2010) Confrontation, collusion and tolerance: the relationship between law enforcement and organized crime in Tijuana. The Mexican Law Review 2(2):3–29
Sberna S, Olivieri E (2014) 'Set the night on fire!' Mafia violence and elections in Italy, presented at the 2014 American Political Science Association Annual Meeting. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2451701. Accessed 23 Feb 2014
Schedler A (2014) The criminal subversion of Mexican democracy. J Democr 25(1):5–18. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2014.0016
Schneider CQ, Wagemann C (2012) Set-theoretic methods for the social sciences: a guide to qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Seawright J, Gerring J (2008) Case selection techniques in case study research: a menu of qualitative and quantitative options. Political Research Quarterly 61(2):294–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912907313077
Senechal de la Roche R (2001) Why is collective violence collective? Sociol Theory 19(2):126–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/0735-2751.00133
Siscar MJ (2011) Una nueva alianza de bandas mafiosas irrumpe en México. Publico. Retrieved from http://www.publico.es/internacional/nueva-alianza-bandas-mafiosas-irrumpe.html. Accessed 6 March 2013
Sullivan JP, Elkus A (2008) State of siege: Mexico's criminal insurgency. Small Wars Journal. Retrieved from smallwarsjournal.com/mag/docs-temp/84-sullivan.pdf. Accessed 8 Sept 2015
Sullivan JP, Elkus A (2010) Cartel v. Cartel: Mexico's criminal insurgency. Small Wars Journal. Retrieved from smallwarsjournal.com/blog/journal/docs-temp/358-sullivan.pdf. Accessed 8 Sept 2015
Thiem A, Adrian Duşa A (2013) QCA: a package for qualitative comparative analysis. The R Journal 5(1):87–97
Torrado S (2012) Los 'narcos' medievales. El Espectador. Retrieved from http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/elmundo/los-narcos-medievales-articulo-334922. Accessed 12 Nov 2016
Torres R (2012)Templarios van por El Z-40. El Economista. Retrieved from http://eleconomista.com.mx/seguridad-publica/2012/10/11/templarios-van-z-40. Accessed 8 Nov 2016
Tuckman J, Vulliamy E (2010) Mexico's drug wars rage out of control. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/23/mexico-drug-wars-cartels. Accessed 19 Sept 2015
Vega A (2011) Se alían cárteles para pelear contra Los Zetas. Excelsior. http://www.excelsior.com.mx/2011/09/19/nacional/769062. Accessed 3 March 2014
Vela DS (2010) El H y El Grande, a plazas de La Barbie. La Razon. Retrieved from http://www.razon.com.mx/spip.php?article45164&tipo=especial. Accessed 19 Nov 2015
Veledíaz J (2007) Sinaloa sucumbe ante el poder del narco. El Universal. Retrieved from http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/66194.html. Accessed 19 Dec 2016
Wennmann A (2014) Negotiated exits from organized crime? Building peace in conflict and crime-affected contexts. Negot J 30(3):255–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/nejo.12060
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.
Conflict of interest
The author declares that he has no conflict of interest.
Additional information
The views expressed in this article are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of State or the U.S. Government.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dulin, A. Mexican cartel negotiative interactions with the state. Trends Organ Crim 22, 210–230 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-017-9327-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-017-9327-2