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GFP Tagged VSELs Help Delineate Novel Stem Cells Biology in Multiple Adult Tissues

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Abstract

Various types of stem cells are being researched upon to exploit their potential for regenerative medicine including pluripotent human embryonic stem (hES) cells derived from spare human embryos, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells by reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state and multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) obtained in vitro from multiple tissues. More than 50 independent groups have reported another novel population of pluripotent stem cells in adult tissues termed very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs). VSELs are developmentally linked to primordial germ cells, which rather than giving rise to the germ cells and later ceasing to exist, survive throughout life in multiple organs along with tissue-specific adult stem cells better described as lineage-restricted, tissue-committed progenitors with limited plasticity. VSELs survive total body irradiation in bone marrow, oncotherapy in the gonads, bilateral ovariectomy in the uterus and partial pancreatectomy in the pancreas of mice and participate in the regeneration of multiple organs under normal physiological conditions. VSELs and tissue-specific progenitor cells work together in a subtle manner, maintain life-long tissue homeostasis and their dysfunction leads to various pathologies including cancer. However, due to their quiescent state, VSELs have invariably eluded lineage-tracing studies reported so far. Present article reviews novel insights into VSELs biology and how VSELs enriched from GFP (green fluorescent protein) mice have enabled to delineate their role in various biological processes in vivo. VSELs biology needs to be understood in-depth as this alone will help evolve the field of regenerative medicine and win the war against cancer.

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Funding

Work published here by our group was funded by the core support provided by Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India to the corresponding author.

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  1. Deepa Bhartiya

    Present address: Epigeneres Biotech Pvt Ltd, Lower Parel, Mumbai, 400013, India

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  1. Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India

    Deepa Bhartiya, Subhan Ali Mohammad, Pushpa Singh, Diksha Sharma & Ankita Kaushik

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Contributions

DB prepared the article based on work done by all the students and postdocs in the lab. SAM worked on pancreas, PS on endometrium, DS on ovaries and AK on the testicular VSELs. All authors approve the final version of the article.

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Correspondence to Deepa Bhartiya.

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All mice studies included in the review were approved by Animal Ethics Committee and conducted at NIRRCH.

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This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Special Issue on Tissue-resident Stem/Progenitor Cells Endowed with Broader Germ Layer Specification Potential in Normal and Cancerous Tissues

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Bhartiya, D., Mohammad, S.A., Singh, P. et al. GFP Tagged VSELs Help Delineate Novel Stem Cells Biology in Multiple Adult Tissues. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 18, 1603–1613 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-022-10401-4

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