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Engaging One Health in Heavy Metal Pollution in Some Selected Nigerian Niger Delta Cities. A Systematic Review of Pervasiveness, Bioaccumulation and Subduing Environmental Health Challenges

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Abstract

The Niger Delta environment is under serious threat due to heavy metal pollution. Many studies have been conducted on the heavy metal contamination in soils, water, seafood and plants in the Niger Delta ecosystem. However, there is a lack of clear understanding of the health consequences for people and strategies for attaining One Health, and a dispersion of information that is accessible. The study focused on investigating the contamination levels, distributions, risks, sources and impacts of heavy metals in selected regions of the Niger Delta. Prior studies revealed that the levels of certain heavy metals, including Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Fe and Ni, in water, sediment, fish and plants in most Niger Delta ecosystems were higher than the acceptable threshold attributed to various anthropogenic stressors. In the reviewed Niger Delta states, ecosystems in Rivers state showed the highest concentrations of heavy metals in most sampled sites. Groundwater quality was recorded at concentrations higher than 0.3 mg/L World Health Organization drinking water guideline. High concentrations of copper (147.915 mg/L) and zinc (10.878 mg/L) were found in Rivers State. The heavy metals concentrations were greater in bottom-dwelling organisms such as bivalves, gastropods and shrimp than in other fishery species. Heavy metal exposure in the region poses risks of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Diverse remediation methods are crucial to reduce contamination levels, but comprehensive strategies and international cooperation are essential to address the health hazards. Actively reducing heavy metals in the environment can achieve One Health objectives and mitigate disease and economic burdens.

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Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

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Acknowledgements

All authors are grateful to anonymous reviewers for the comments provided in improving the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Environment and Pollution Control, Faculty of Marine Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State, Nigeria

    Amarachi P. Onyena

  2. African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, Port Harcourt, 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria

    Opeyemi M. Folorunso & Orish E. Orisakwe

  3. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

    Nkem Nwanganga

  4. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria

    Godswill J. Udom

  5. Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

    Osazuwa Clinton Ekhator

  6. Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Ageing, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy

    Chiara Frazzoli

  7. Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy

    Flavia Ruggieri & Beatrice Bocca

  8. Provictorie Research Organisation, Rivers State, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

    Orish E. Orisakwe

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  1. Amarachi P. Onyena
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  2. Opeyemi M. Folorunso
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Contributions

APO; OEO: conceptualization. APO; OMF., N.N.: methodology, data collection; visualization, investigation, writing original draft preparation. A.P.O, GJU, OCE, CF, BB: data curation, review and editing. OEO.: Supervision, writing, review and editing.

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Onyena, A.P., Folorunso, O.M., Nwanganga, N. et al. Engaging One Health in Heavy Metal Pollution in Some Selected Nigerian Niger Delta Cities. A Systematic Review of Pervasiveness, Bioaccumulation and Subduing Environmental Health Challenges. Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 1356–1389 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03762-5

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