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A comprehensive review of heavy metal pollution in the coastal areas of Bangladesh: abundance, bioaccumulation, health implications, and challenges

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Abstract

The coastal zone of Bangladesh, with a population density of 1278 people per square kilometer, is under serious threat due to heavy metal pollution. To date, many studies have been conducted on the heavy metal contamination in soils, water, aquatic animals, and plants in the coastal zone of Bangladesh; however, the available information is dispersed. In this study, previous findings on the contamination levels, distributions, risks, and sources of heavy metals in sediments and organisms were summarized for the first time to present the overall status of heavy metal pollution along coastal regions. Earlier research found that the concentrations of various heavy metals (HMs), particularly Co, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni in water, sediment, and fish in most coastal locations, were above their permissible limits. High concentrations of HMs were observed in sediments and water, like Cr of 55 mg/kg and 86.93 mg/l in the ship-breaking areas and Karnaphuli River, respectively, in coastal regions of Bangladesh. Heavy metals severely contaminated the Karnaphuli River estuary and ship-breaking area on the Sitakundu coast, where sediments were the ultimate sink of high concentrations of metals. Sedentary or bottom-dwelling organisms like gastropods and shrimp had higher levels of heavy metals than other organisms. As a result, the modified PRISMA review method was used to look at the critical research gap about heavy metal pollution in Bangladesh’s coastal areas by analyzing the current research trends and bottlenecks.

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Acknowledgements

All authors are grateful to Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.

Funding

The authors express their gratitude to Research Center of Advanced Materials, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, for support (award number KKU/RCAMS/22).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh

    Md.Refat Jahan Rakib, Md. Asrafur Rahman & M. Belal Hossain

  2. Department of Marine Environment and Pollution Control, Nigeria Maritime University Okerenkoko, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria

    Amarachi Paschaline Onyena

  3. School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, 803116, Bihar, India

    Rakesh Kumar

  4. School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea

    Aniruddha Sarker

  5. School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    M. Belal Hossain

  6. Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh

    Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam

  7. Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

    Md. Saiful Islam

  8. Laboratory of Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh

    Md. Mostafizur Rahman

  9. Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Yeasmin Nahar Jolly

  10. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia

    Abubakr M. Idris

  11. Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia

    Abubakr M. Idris

  12. Department of Aquaculture, Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

    Mir Mohammad Ali

  13. School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China

    Muhammad Bilal

  14. Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

    Xian Sun

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  1. Md.Refat Jahan Rakib
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Contributions

M.R.J.R: Conceptualization, methodology, visualization, investigation, data curation, supervision,writing original draft preparation, review and editing.

M.A.R; A. P.O: Methodology, Visualization, Investigation, Data curation.

R.K.: Writing-review and editing. A. S., M.B.H., A. R. M. T.I., M. S. I., M. M. R., Y. N. J., A. M. I., M.M.A., M.B., X.S: Writing-review and editing.

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Correspondence to Md.Refat Jahan Rakib.

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Rakib, M.J., Rahman, M.A., Onyena, A.P. et al. A comprehensive review of heavy metal pollution in the coastal areas of Bangladesh: abundance, bioaccumulation, health implications, and challenges. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 67532–67558 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22122-9

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