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Gelatin Loaded Titanium Dioxide and Silver Oxide Nanoparticles: Implication for Skin Tissue Regeneration

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Abstract

Treatment of burn wounds has many requirements to ensure wound closure with healthy tissue, increased vascularization, guarantee edema resolution, and control bacterial infection. We propose that titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) will be more efficient than silver dioxide (Ag2O) in the treatment of burn wounds. Herein, gelatin loaded NPs (GLT-NPs) were evaluated for their efficacy to regenerate second-degree burn wound in rabbit skin. TEM results revealed that the average particle sizes were ⁓ 7.5 and 17 nm for Ag2O and TiO2 NPs, respectively. The results of the in vivo application of GLT-NPs on burn wound in the rabbit revealed that both Ag2O and TiO2 NPs were efficient than the control none treated (CTRL) and GLT group. In terms of the healing rate, the GLT-TiO2 did not show any significant difference than GLT-Ag2O (99.57% vs. 99.85%, p = 0.2). Meanwhile, the healing rate was significantly higher in both NPs’ treated groups than CTRL (94.16%, p < 0.01) and GLT group (95.07%, p < 0.05). Also, the histological analysis using H&E staining showed re-epithelization, less edema, and enhanced vascularization in both GLT-NPs than CTRL and GLT groups. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of TGF-β1 and α-SMA revealed significantly a higher expression in both GLT-NPs groups than CTRL and GLT groups at weeks 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). Interestingly, TGF-β1 and α-SMA were substantially higher in GLT- TiO2 than GLT-Ag2O at weeks 1 and 2 (p < 0.05), but the expression was not significant at week 3. In conclusion, GLT-NPs showed higher regenerative capacity and enhanced the healing quality after burn wound compared to CTRL and GLT.

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Acknowledgments

H.E. would like to thank BioRender online software for their support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21944, Egypt

    Nermeen Eldebany, Ramadan Abdelwahed, Mahmoud El-kammar, Howaida Abou-Ahmed & Hoda Elkhenany

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan

    Mohamed Abd Elkodous

  3. Center for Nanotechnology (CNT), School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt

    Mohamed Abd Elkodous

  4. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21944, Egypt

    Hossam Tohamy

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  1. Nermeen Eldebany
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Contributions

NE performed the experiments with assistance from HT, MA, HA, ME, HE, and RA. NE and HE performed data analysis, presented quantitative data, and co-wrote the manuscript. MA performed nanoparticle synthesis and characterization. HT performed the pathological examination. RA, ME, HA, and HE conceived and supervised the study. HE was responsible for the final review of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hoda Elkhenany.

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All animal experimental processes were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, and it was strictly designed under the consideration of animal welfares (AU0132019013015).

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Supplementary Information

Supplementary Fig. 1

Zeta potential of the prepared Ag2O (A) and TiO2 NPs (B) showing their stability index. (DOCX 95 kb).

Supplementary Fig. 2

Representative images of H&E staining of histological sections from different treatment groups at week 1 showing hemorrhage (H), neovascularization (V), fibroblastic cell proliferation (short black arrow), mononuclear cell (long black arrow), and pleomorphic nuclear eosinophilic cell (arrowhead). Scale bar:100 μm (c) and 200 μm (d). (DOCX 831 kb).

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Eldebany, N., Abd Elkodous, M., Tohamy, H. et al. Gelatin Loaded Titanium Dioxide and Silver Oxide Nanoparticles: Implication for Skin Tissue Regeneration. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 3688–3699 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02489-x

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