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Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA, C22:6, ω-3) Composition of Milk and Mammary Gland Tissues of Lactating Mother Rats Is Severely Affected by Lead (Pb) Exposure

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Abstract

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, ω-3), an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is critical for brain growth, development, and cognitive ability. It is consumed by offspring via milk during lactation. However, the toxic heavy metal lead (Pb) readily passes into the mammary glands of mother animals and then to offspring through milk. Here, we investigated whether DHA composition of milk and mammary gland tissues is affected by Pb exposure. Mother rats were exposed to Pb via drinking water (0.1%). The fatty acid profile and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (LPO), and pro-inflammatory TNF-α in milk and mammary tissues were measured. Levels of DHA and antioxidant GSH decreased (P < 0.05), while LPO and TNF-α levels increased (P < 0.05) both in milk and mammary tissues. Our results suggest that toxic Pb exposure can upset the level of milk DHA, which may affect brain growth and development, and hence cognitive ability in adulthood and later life.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the University Grant Commission-Higher Education Quality Enhancement Program (UGC-HEQEP) for the partial instrumental support (CP-358).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh

    Shahdat Hossain, Jakir Hussain, Sujan Bhowmick, Marzan Sarkar & Mafroz Basunia

  2. Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan

    Abdullah Al Mamun, Yoko Tanabe, Kentaro Matsuzaki, Michio Hashimoto & Osamu Shido

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  1. Shahdat Hossain
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Hossain, S., Hussain, J., Bhowmick, S. et al. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA, C22:6, ω-3) Composition of Milk and Mammary Gland Tissues of Lactating Mother Rats Is Severely Affected by Lead (Pb) Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 195, 525–534 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01878-1

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