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Effects of niobium addition on microstructure and properties of CPM121 powder metallurgy high-speed steel

铌的添加对 CPM121 粉末冶金高速钢组织和性能的影响

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Abstract

Massive vanadium additions as hard phases in powder metallurgy high-speed steels (PM HSS) lead to higher cost and bad machinability. In this study, ultrahigh alloy PM HSS with CPM121 (10W−5Mo−4Cr−10V−9Co, wt.%) as the basic composition, was directly compacted and activation sintered with near-full density (>99.0%) using pre-oxidized and ball-mixed element and carbide powders. Niobium-alloyed steels (w(V)+w(Nb)=10 wt.%) show higher hardness and wear resistance, superior secondary-hardening ability and temper resistance. But excess niobium addition (>5 wt.%) leads to coarsened carbides and deteriorated toughness. EPMA results proved that niobium tends to distribute in MC carbides and forces element W to form M6C and WC carbides. Further, the role of rotary forging on properties of niobium-alloyed steels (S3) was researched. After rotary forging with deformation of 40%, the bending strength and fracture toughness of niobium-alloyed steels could be further improved by 20.74% and 43.86% compared with those of sample S3 without rotary forging, respectively.

摘要

超高钒粉末冶金高速钢通常存在加工困难、生产成本高的问题。研究以超高合金粉末高速钢 CPM121 (10W−5Mo−4Cr−10V−9Co, wt.%)作为基础成分,采用元素和碳化物的预氧化球磨混合粉为原料, 经压制、活化烧结制得致密化(>99.0%)的样品,研究铌的添加(w(V)+w(Nb)=10 wt.%)对 CPM121 粉末 冶金高速钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明:铌强化高速钢表现出较高的硬度及耐磨性、优异的二次硬 化性能和抗回火性。但当铌含量超过5%时则会导致组织中碳化物的粗化和偏聚现象,进而导致材料 的强韧性降低。EPMA 结果表明铌是MC 碳化物的形成元素,促使大量W 在M6C 及WC 碳化物中聚 集。其次,旋锻变形可以大幅度提高材料的强韧性,成分为S3(3%Nb+7%V)的 CPM121 铌高速钢在 40%的变形量下,材料的抗弯强度和冲击韧性相较于未旋锻态分别提高了20.74%和 43.86%。

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China

    Qian-kun Zhang  (张乾坤), Su-wang Li  (李苏望), Yi-feng Xiao  (肖逸锋), Liang Wu  (吴靓), Jin-wen Qian  (钱锦文) & Ze-min Chen  (陈泽民)

  2. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Wei-jun Shen  (沈玮俊) & Yue-hui He  (贺跃辉)

  3. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China

    Nan Lin  (吝楠)

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  1. Qian-kun Zhang  (张乾坤)
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Contributions

The overarching research goals and the direct fabrication technology (DFT) were developed by HE Yue-hui, ZHANG Qian-kun, XIAO Yi-feng, WU Liang, QIAN Jin-wen, and LIN Nan. LI Su-wang, SHEN Wei-jun and CHEN Ze-min analyzed the measured data, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. ZHANG Qian-kun and LI Su-wang edited the draft of manuscript. All authors replied to reviewers’ comments and revised the final version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yi-feng Xiao  (肖逸锋).

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Conflict of interest

ZHANG Qian-kun, LI Su-wang, XIAO Yi-feng, WU Liang, QIAN Jin-wen, CHEN Ze-min, SHEN Wei-jun, LIN Nan and HE Yue-hui declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Foundation item: Projects(51771237, 51704257) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2019JJ60019) supported by the Joint Fund of Hunan Province, China; Project(17QDZ25) supported by the School Level Fund of Xiangtan University, China

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Zhang, Qk., Li, Sw., Xiao, Yf. et al. Effects of niobium addition on microstructure and properties of CPM121 powder metallurgy high-speed steel. J. Cent. South Univ. 28, 1206–1218 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-021-4690-1

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