Abstract
Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) with plant growth promoting (PGP) traits enhance sustainable agriculture. Due to this, bacteria capable of promoting the growth of plants were isolated from rumen content of indigenous White Fulani cattle. The phosphate solubilizing potentials of the bacterial isolates and their plant growth promoting activities were assessed following standard techniques. The total bacterial population in the rumen contents ranged from 5.20 ± 0.36 × 105 to 4.00 ± 0.01 × 106 CFU g− 1). Out of 23 isolates, 61% exhibited varying P-solubilization efficiency which ranged between 144 µg mL− 1 and 687.75 µg mL− 1. Other plant growth promoting activities differed among bacterial isolates. The 16 S rRNA gene sequencing analysis confirmed 57% of the isolates that expressed multiple PGP ability as either Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli. Among the genus Escherichia, E. coli AKRC16 showed most promising result by liberating 345 µg mL− 1 soluble P. Overall, P. aeruginosa AKRC7 showed highest PGP activity (687.75 µg P mL− 1) at pH 4.2 after 120 h, IAA (39.27 µg mL− 1), ammonia (3.89 µmol mL− 1) and also displayed ability to fix nitrogen. P. aeruginosa AKRC7, E. coli AKRC16 and E. coli AKRC4 consistently, in that order, exhibited highest productivity for both enzymes at the same pH (6), incubation time (24 h), and optimal source of nitrogen and carbon for phosphatase (tryptone and starch) and phytase (peptone and glucose) correspondingly. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa AKRC7 and E. coli AKRC16 enhanced 100% germination of tomato seeds with significantly high vigour index (2177 and 2114.33) and P content (309.04 ± 0.05 mg g− 1 and 301.01 ± 0.02 mg g− 1) of seedlings respectively. The findings revealed rumen content as potential reservoir of prominent PGPB and presented P. aeruginosa AKRC7 (MK332569) and novel strains of E. coli AKRC4 (MK332563) and AKRC16 (MK332576) as promising candidate for bio-inoculation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this article.
Abbreviations
- P:
-
Phosphorus
- Pi:
-
Inorganic phosphate
- PSB:
-
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria
- PSM:
-
Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms
- PGP:
-
Plant Growth Promoting
- PGPM :
-
Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms
- NBRIP :
-
National Botanical Research Institute’s Phosphate
- TCP:
-
Tricalcium phosphate
- CFU:
-
Colony Forming Unit
- SI:
-
Solubilization Index
- IAA:
-
Indole Acetic Acid
- HCN:
-
Hydrogen Cyanide
- SVI:
-
Seed Vigour Index
- SGR:
-
Seedling Germination Ratio
- PCR:
-
Polymerase Chain Reaction
- UV:
-
Ultraviolet
- DW:
-
Distilled Water
- CMC:
-
Carboxymethyl cellulose
- SD:
-
Standard Deviation
- SE:
-
Standard Error
References
Adebayo AA (2019) Isolation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from rumen content and characterization of gene responsible for phosphate solubilization. Dissertation: Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA), Kaduna, Nigeria. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.12135.19365
Arkhipova TN, Galimsyanova NF, Kuzmina LY, Vysotskaya LB, Sidorova LV, Gabbasova IM, Melentiev AI, Kudoyarova GR (2019) Effect of seed bacterization with plant growth-promoting bacteria on wheat productivity and phosphorus mobility in the rhizosphere. Plant Soil Environ 65(6):313–319. https://doi.org/10.17221/752/2018-PSE
Behera BC, Yadav H, Singh SK, Mishra RR, Sethi BK, Dutta SK, Thatoi HN (2017) Phosphate solubilization and acid phosphatase activity of Serratia sp. isolated from mangrove soil of Mahanadi River delta, Odisha, India. J Genetic Eng Biotechnol 15:169–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.01.003
Cao Y, Fu D, Liu T, Guo G, Hu Z (2018) Phosphorus Solubilizing and Releasing Bacteria Screening from the Rhizosphere in a Natural Wetland. Water 10:195–210. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020195
Castric PA (1975) Hydrogen cyanide, a secondary metabolite of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Can J Microbiol 21:613–618. https://doi.org/10.1139/m75-088
Chauhan A, Guleria S, Balgir PP, Walia A, Mahajan R, Mehta P, Shirkot CK (2017) Tricalcium phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation by newly isolated Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus CKMV1 from rhizosphere of Valeriana jatamansi and its growth promotional effect. Braz J Microbiol 4(8):294–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2016.12.001
Chen PS, Toribara TY, Warner H (1956) Microdetermination of phosphorus. Anal Chem 28:1756–1758. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60119a033
Chen YP, Rekha PD, Arun AB, Shen FT, Lai WA, Young CC (2006) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities. Appl Soil Ecol 34(1):33–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.12.002
Cohen RDH (1980) Phosphorus in rangeland ruminant nutrition: A review. Livest Prod Sci 7(1):25–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(80)90046-9
Danova K, Todorova M, Trendafilova A, Evstatieva L (2012) Cytokinin and auxin effect on the terpenoid profile of the essential oil and morphological characteristics of shoot cultures of Artemisia alba Nat Prod Commun 7(8):1075–1076. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1200700827
Dittmar H, Drach M, Vosskamp R, Trenkel ME, Gutser R, Steffens G (2009) Fertilizers, 2. Types. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.n10_n01
Dutta J, Handique PJ, Thakur D (2015) Assessment of culturable tea rhizobacteria isolated from tea estates of Assam, India for growth promotion in commercial tea cultivars. Front Microbiol 6:1252–1273. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01252
El-Toukhy NMK, Youssef AS, Mikhail MGM (2013) Isolation, purification and characterization of phytase from Bacillus subtilis MJA. Afr J Biotechnol 12(20):2957–2967. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2013.12304
Estefan G, Sommer R, Ryan L (2013) Methods of soil, plant, and water analysis: A manual for the West Asia and North African region (3rd edn). International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Beirut, Lebanon
Furniss BS, Hannaford AJ, Smith PWG, Tatchell AR (1989) Investigation and characterization of organic compounds. In: Vogel’s Textbook of practical organic chemistry (5th edn). Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, pp 1196
Gen-Fu W, Xue-Ping Z (2005) Characterization of phosphorus releasing bacteria in a small eutrophic shallow lake, Eastern China. Water Res 39:4623–4632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.08.036
Glick BR (1995) The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria. Can Microbiol J 41:109–117. https://doi.org/10.1139/m95-015
Gontia-Mishra I, Deshmukh D, Tripathi N, Bardiya-Bhura K, Tantwai K, Tawari S (2013) Isolation, morphological and molecular characterization of phytase-hydrolysing fungi by 18S rDNA sequence analysis. Braz J Microbiol 44(1):317–323. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822013005000021
Goswami D, Dhandhukia P, Patel P, Thakker JN (2014) Screening of PGPR from saline desert of Kutch: Growth promotion in Arachis hypogea by Bacillus licheniformis A2. Microbiol Res 169:66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2013.07.004
Gupta R, Singh H, Sharma B, Verma S (2018) Isolation and Characterization of Phosphate Solublizing Bacteria from Rhizosphere Soil of Rice in Jammu District, India. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 7(6):2749–2756. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.323
Handa V, Sharma D, Kaur A, Arya SK (2020) Biotechnological applications of microbial phytase and phytic acid in food and feed industries. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101600
Holt JG, Krieg NR, Sneath PHA, Staley JT, Williams ST (1994) Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. Williams and Williams, Baltimore
Indiragandhi P, Anandham R, Madhaiyan M, Sa TM (2008) Characterization of plant growthpromoting traits of bacteria isolated from larval guts of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Curr Microbiol 56(4):327–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-007-9086-4
Kelly WJ, Leahy SC, Altermann E, Yeoman CJ, Dunne JC, Kong Z, Pacheco DM, Li D, Noel SJ, Moon CD, Cookson AL, Attwood GT (2010) The glycobiome of the rumen bacterium Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316T highlights adaptation to a polysaccharide-rich environment. PLoS ONE 5(8):e11942. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011942
Khan MS, Ahmad E, Zaidi A, Oves M et al (2013) Functional aspect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: importance in crop production. In: Maheshwari DK et al (eds) Bacteria in agrobiology: Crop production. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 237–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37241-4_10
Khan MS, Zaidi A, Wani PA (2007) Role of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture- A Review. Agron Sustain Dev 27:29–43. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2006011
Khan MS, Zaidi A, Ahmad E (2014) Mechanism of Phosphate Solubilization and Physiological Functions of Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp 31–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08216-5_2
Kumar GP, Desai S, Amalraj ELD, Pinisetty S (2015) Impact of seed bacterization with PGPR on growth and nutrient uptake in different cultivable varieties of green gram. Asian J Agric Res 9(3):113–122. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajar.2015.113.122
Kumar RS, Ayyadurai N, Pandiaraja P, Reddy AV, Venkateswarlu Y, Prakash O, Sakthivel N (2005) Characterization of antifungal metabolite produced by a new strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PUPa3 that exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity and biofertilizing traits. J Appl Microbiol 98(1):145–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02435.x
Majeed A, Abbasi MK, Hameed S, Imran A, Rahim N (2015) Isolation and characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from wheat rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth promotion. Front Microbiol 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00198
Mao DP, Zhou Q, Chen CY, Quan ZX (2012) Coverage evaluation of universal bacterial primers using the metagenomic datasets. BMC Microbiol 12:66–73. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-12-66
Miron J, Ben-Ghedalia D, Morrison M (2001) Invited review: adhesion mechanisms of rumen cellulolytic bacteria. J Dairy Sci 84(6):1294–1309. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)70159-2
Morgavi DP, Kelly WJ, Janssen PH, Attwood GT (2013) Rumen microbial (meta)genomics and its application to ruminant production. Animal 7(1):184–201. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731112000419
Muleta D, Assefa F, Börjesson E, Granhall U (2013) Phosphate-solubilising rhizobacteria associated with Coffea arabica L. in natural coffee forests of southwestern Ethiopia. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci 12(1):73–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2012.07.002
Nagaraja TG (2016) Microbiology of the Rumen. In: Rumenology; Millen (eds). Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 39–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30533-2_2
Nautiyal CS (1999) An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 170(1):265–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13383.x
Neilands JB (1981) Microbial iron compounds. Annu Rev Biochem 50:715–731. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.003435
Obidi OF, Awe OO, Igwo-Ezikpe MN, Okekunjo FO (2018) Production of phosphatase by microorganisms isolated from discolored painted walls in a typical tropical environment: a Non-Parametric analysis. Arab J Basic Appl Sci 25(3):111–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/25765299.2018.1527277
Oje OJ, David OM, Adeosun OM, Adebayo AA, Famurewa O (2016) Multiple Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in Ready-to-eat Foods from Food Outlets in Ekiti State University and Its Environ. Br Microbiol Res J 13(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/23477
Olanrewaju OS, Babalola OO (2018) streptomyces: implications and interactions in plant growth promotion. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103:1179–1188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-09577-y
Olanrewaju OS, Glick BR, Babalola OO (2017) Mechanisms of action of plant growth promoting bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33:197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-017-2364-9
Olutiola PO, Famurewa O, Sonntag HG (2000) An introduction to general microbiology. Heidelberger Verlargsanstalt und Druckerei GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany, p 267
Panhwar QA, Naher UA, Jusop S, Othman R, Latif MA, Ismail MR (2014) Biochemical and molecular characterization of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in acid sulfate soils and their beneficial effects on rice growth. PLoS ONE 9(10):e97241. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097241
Pare T, Gregorich EG, Nelson SD (2000) Mineralization of nitrogen from crop residues and N recovery by maize inoculated with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant Soil 218(1):11–20. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014958321933
Paul D, Sinha SN (2016) Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa KUPSB12 with antibacterial potential from river Ganga, India. Ann Agrar Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aasci.2016.10.001
Pereg L, McMillan M (2015) Scoping the potential uses of beneficial microorganisms for increasing productivity in cotton cropping systems. Soil Biol Biochem 80(1):349–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.020
Preedaa MG, Parkunan T, Kumar D, Ramavathi J, Yazhini P, Sheikh AA, Dar MR, Priyadarshini L, Baghel G, Chandrasekar T (2016) Molecular techniques in rumen biotechnology: A review. Agric Rev 37(1):55–60. https://doi.org/10.18805/ar.v37i1.9265
Pukall R, Lapidus A, Nolan M, Copeland A, Del Rio TG, Lucas S, Chen F, Tice H, Cheng JF, Chertkov O, Bruce D, Goodwin L, Kuske C, Brettin T, Detter JC, Han C, Pitluck S, Pati A, Mavrommatis K, Ivanova N, Ovchinnikova G, Chen A, Palaniappan K, Schneider S, Rohde M, Chain P, D’Haeseleer P, Goker M, Bristow J, Eisen JA, Markowitz V, Kyrpides NC, Klenk HP, Hugenholtz P (2009) Complete genome sequence of Slackia heliotrinireducens type strain (RHS 1(T)). Stand Genomic Sci 1:234–241. https://doi.org/10.4056/sigs.37633
Qessaoui R, Bouharroud R, Furze JN, el Aalaoui M, Akroud H, Amarraque A, Vaerenbergh JV, Tahzima R, Mayad EH, Chebli B (2019) Applications of new Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas isolates in Agroecology via fundamental processes complementing plant Growth. Sci Rep 9:12832. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49216-8
Rizvi A, Khan MS, Ahmad E (2014) Inoculation impact of phosphate solubilising microorganisms on growth and development of vegetable crops. In: Khan M, Zaidi A, Musarrat J (eds) Phosphate solubilising microorganisms. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08216-5_12
Rodrigues AA, Forzani MV, Soares RS, Sibov ST, Vieira JDG (2016) Isolation and selection of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with sugarcane. Pesqui Agropecu Trop Goiânia 46(2):149–158. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4639526
Sadiq HM, Jahangir GZ, Nasir IA, Iqtidar M, Iqbal M (2013) Isolation and Characterization of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria from Rhizosphere Soil. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 27(6):4248–4255. https://doi.org/10.5504/BBEQ.2013.0091
Sankar PM, Raguchander T, Shanmugabackiam S (2017) Seed Bacterization a Novel Prime Tool for Growth Promotion in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum M.) under in vitro. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 6(11):3076–3080. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.360
Singh P, Kumar V, Agrawal S (2014) Evaluation of phytase producing bacteria for their plant growth promoting activities. Int J Microbiol 426483. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/426483
Son HJ, Park GT, Cha MS, Heo MS (2006) Solubilization of insoluble inorganic phosphates by a novel salt- and pH-tolerant Pantoea agglomerans R-42 isolated from soybean rhizosphere. Bioresour Technol 97(2):204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.021
Tahir M, Mirza MS, Hameed S, Dimitrov MR, Smidt H (2015) Cultivation-Based and Molecular Assessment of Bacterial Diversity in the Rhizosheath of Wheat under Different Crop Rotations. PLoS ONE 10(6):e0130030. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130030
Tang A, Haruna AO, Ab.Mujid NM, Jalloh MB (2020) Potential PGPR properties of cellulolytic, nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in rehabilitated tropical forest soil. Microorganisms 8:442–464. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030442
Teather RM, Wood PJ (1982) Use of congo red-polysaccharide interactions in enumeration and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria from the bovine rumen. Appl Environ Microbiol 43:777–780. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.43.4.777-780.1982
Tenikecier HS, Ates E (2018) Chemical composition of six grass species (Poaceae sp.) from protected forest range in Northern Bulgaria. Asian J Appl Sci 11:71–75. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajaps.2018.71.75
Toro M (2007) Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in the rhizosphere of native plants from tropical savannas: An adaptive strategy to acid soils? In: Velaquez C, Rodriguez-Barrueco E (eds) Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 249–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5765-6_37
Vohra A, Satyanarayana T (2003) Phytases: Microbial sources, production, purification, and potential biotechnological applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 23(1):29–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/713609297
Wang H, Xu J, Sheng L, Liu X (2018) A review of research on substrate materials for constructed wetlands. Mater Sci Forum 913:917–929. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.913.917
Wang SL, Chen SJ, Chen WCL (2008) Purification and characterization of chitinases and chitosanases from a new species strain Pseudomonas sp. TKU015 using shrimp shells as a substrate. Carbohydr Res 343(7):1171–1179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2008.03.018
Wang Z, Xu G, Ma P, Lin Y, Yang X, Cao C (2017) Isolation and Characterization of a Phosphorus-Solubilizing Bacterium from Rhizosphere Soils and Its Colonization of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis). Front Microbiol 8:1270–1278. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01270
Wilson PW, Knight SC (1952) Experiments in bacterial physiology. Burgess Publishing, Minneapolis, p 49
Wortmann CS, Sander DH, Penas EJ (2014) Principles of fertility; Phosphorus. In: Shaver TM (ed) Nutrient management for agronomic crops in Nebraska. University of Nabraska-Lincoln Extension, Lincoln, p 18
Yu X, Liu X, Zhu T, Liu G, Mao C (2011) Isolation and characterization of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from walnut and their effect on growth and phosphorus mobilization. Biol Fertil Soils 47(4):437–446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-011-0548-2
Zaidi A, Ahmad E, Khan MS (2014) Role of phosphate solubilizing microbes in the management of plant diseases. In: Zaidi A, Khan MS (eds) Phosphate solubilising microorganisms: Principles and application of Microphos Technology. Springer, Cham, pp 225–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08216-5_10
Zaidi A, Khan MS, Ahemad M, Oves M (2009) Plant growth promotion by phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 56(3):263–284. https://doi.org/10.1556/AMicr.56.2009.3.6
Zaidi A, Khan MS, Ahmad E, Saif S, Rizvi A, Shahid M (2016) Growth stimulation and management of diseases of ornamental plants using phosphate solubilizing microorganisms: current perspective. Acta Physiol Plant 38(5):1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-016-2133-7
Zhang J, Wang P, Fang L, Zhang Q, Yan C, Chen J (2017) Isolation and Characterization of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria from Mushroom Residues and their Effect on Tomato Plant Growth Promotion. Pol J Microbiol 66(1):57–65. https://doi.org/10.5604/17331331.1234994
Zhang Y, Chen FS, Wu XQ, Luan FG, Zhang LP, Fang XM (2018) Isolation and characterization of two phosphate-solubilizing fungi from rhizosphere soil of moso bamboo and their functional capacities when exposed to different phosphorus sources and pH environments. PLoS ONE 13(7):e0199625. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199625
Zheng BX, Ibrahim M, Zhang DP, Bi QF, Li HZ, Zhou GW, Ding K, Peñuelas J, Zhu YG, Yang XR (2018) Identification and characterization of inorganic-phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from agricultural fields with a rapid isolation method. AMB Expr 8(1):47–59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-018-0575-6
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge the technical contribution and assistance of Dr. O. R. Molehin of the Department of Biochemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti; Mrs. H. I. Alli of the Veterinary Clinic Laboratory, Equitation Unit of Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna; Mr. J. O. Aina of the Laboratory unit of the Department of Biochemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti; Mr. A. O. Olowoyeye of the Central Laboratory of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti; Miss M. Fesobi of the Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti; and Mrs. T. O. Fajilade and Mr. T. M. Aladejana of the Laboratory unit of the Department of Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, all in Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
AAA, IAA and NEE conceptualized the research; AAA, TOCF, OMA and NEE design the work; AAA; TOCF, OMA acquired and analysed data relating to isolation, identification and invitro screening; AAA, and TOCF acquired and analysed all molecular data; AAA, TOCF, OMA and NEE interpreted all data; AAA wrote the first manuscript; AAA, TOCF, OMA, IAA and NEE revised the manuscript critically; and AAA, TOCF, OMA, IAA and NEE approved the final manuscript for submission.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval and consent of participation
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
ESM 1
(DOC 120 MB)
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Adebayo, A.A., Faleye, T.O.C., Adeosun, O.M. et al. Plant growth promoting potentials of novel phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from rumen content of White Fulani cattle, indigenous to Nigeria. Biologia 78, 201–215 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01227-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01227-z