Abstract
Ornamental plants play an important role in human society since flowers are considered a vital component due to their beauty, texture, color, shape and fragrance. To produce high quality ornamentals, growers in general have intensified the use of agrochemicals without considering their deleterious impact on floral attributes. Also, the agrochemicals (including fertilizers and pesticides) used in floriculture are expensive and their excessive application results in emergence of pathogens resistant to such chemicals. It has, therefore, become imperative to develop renewable, inexpensive and eco-friendly fertilizers without producing any disturbing impact on quality of ornamentals. In this regard, phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) among plant growth promoting rhizobacteria have been identified as an efficient alternative to agrochemicals in floriculture. Even though, there are adequate reports on the effect of PSM on growth and development of numerous plants, information on the impact of PSM on production and quality of ornamental plants is, however, critically scarce. Considering these gaps and success of PSM application in floriculture achieved so far, efforts have been directed to highlight the impact of PSM on the production of ornamentals grown distinctively in different production systems. Also, the role of PSM in the management of ornamental diseases is discussed and considered. The review will conclude by identifying several PSM for future researches aiming to improve the health and quality of ornamentals grown in different production systems. Use of PSM is also likely to reduce the use of chemicals in floriculture.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbasniayzare SK, Sedaghathoor S, Dahkaei MNP (2012) Effect of biofertilizer application on growth parameters of Spathiphyllum illusion. Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci 12:669–673
Adesemoye AO, Kloepper JW (2009) Plant–microbes interactions in enhanced fertilizer-use efficiency. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85:1–12
Aggarwal A, Kadian K, Karishma, Neetu, Tanwar A, Gupta KK (2012) Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and alleviation of salinity stress. J Appl Nat Sci 4:144–155
Ahemad M, Khan MS (2010) Influence of selective herbicides on plant growth promoting traits of phosphate solubilizing Enterobacter asburiae strain PS2. Res J Microbiol 5:849–857
Ahemad M, Khan MS (2012) Ecological assessment of biotoxicity of pesticides towards plant growth promoting activities of pea (Pisum sativum)-specific Rhizobium sp. strain MRP1. Emir J Food Agric 24:334–343
Ahemad M, Zaidi A, Khan MS, Oves M (2009) Biological importance of phosphorus and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms—an overview. In: Khan MS, Zaidi A (eds) Phosphate solubilizing microbes for crop improvement. Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York, pp 1–4
Ahmad E, Khan MS, Zaidi Z (2013) ACC deaminase producing Pseudomonas putida strain PSE3 and Rhizobium leguminosarum strain RP2 in synergism improves growth, nodulation and yield of pea grown in alluvial soils. Symbiosis 61:93–104
Ahmad E, Zaidi A, Khan MS (2014) Response of PSM inoculation to certain legumes and cereal crops. In: Khan MS, Zaidi A, Musarrat J (eds) Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms: principles and application of Microphos Technology. Springer, Switzerland, pp 175–206
Ajit NS, Verma R, Shanmugam V (2006) Extracellular chitinases of fluorescent pseudomonads antifungal to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi causing carnation wilt. Curr Microbiol 52:310–316
Akkim PR, Nagendran K, Vanitha S, Karthikeyan G, Raguchander T (2013) Fluorescent Pseudomonads mediated disease management of Macrophomina phaseolina inciting Coleus forskohlii (Briq.), a root rot pathogen. Afr J Agric Res 8:4787–4797
Ali A, Tahir M, Rashid H, Ajmal B, Sajjad RN, Adeel A (2014) Investigation of biofertilizers influence on vegetative growth, flower quality, bulb yield and nutrient uptake in gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.). Intern J Plant Anim Environ Sci 4:94–99
Al-Mallah MK, Davey MR, Cooking EC (1987) Enzymatic treatment of clover root hairs removes a barrier to Rhizobium-host specificity. Biotechnol 5:1319–1322
Anderson NO, Younis A, Sun Y (2010) Intersimple sequence repeats distinguish genetic differences in Easter lily ‘Nellie White’ clonal ramets within and among bulb growers over years. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 135:445–455
Anderson NO, Frick J, Younis A, Currey C (2012) Heritability of cold tolerance (winter hardiness) in Gladiolus × grandiflorus. In: Abdurakhmonov I (ed) Plant breeding. InTech, Rijeka, pp 297–331. ISBN 978-953-307-932-5
Ashwin R, Bagyaraj DJ, Kale RD (2013) Response of marigold to bio-fertilizer enriched vermicompost. Soil Biol Ecol 33:160–166
Babana AH, Dicko AH, Maïga K, Traoré D (2013) Characterization of rock phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms isolated from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere in Mali. J Microbiol Microbiol Res 1:1–6
Bakker AW, Schippers B (1987) Microbial cyanide production in the rhizosphere in relation to potato yield reduction and Pseudomonas spp. mediated plant growth stimulation. Soil Biol Biochem 19:249–256
Balasubramanian J (1989) Studies on the combined effect of Azospirillium, VA mycorrhizal and inorganic fertilizers on growth performance of French marigold (Tegetes putula L.). SIH 37:311
Baloach N, Yousaf M, Akhter WP, Fahad S, Ullah B, Qadir G, Ahmed ZI (2014) Integrated effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and humic acid on physiomorphic attributes of maize. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 3:549–554
Banuelos J, Alarcón A, Larsen J, Cruz-Sánchez S, Trejo D (2014) Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Meloidogyne incognita in the ornamental plant Impatiens balsamina. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 14(1):63–74
Basharat N, Sobita S, Vijay SR (2011) Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli causing corm rot disease of gladiolus. J Plant Dis Sci 6:51–53
Bhatia S, Gupta YC, Dhiman SR (2004) Effect of growing media and fertilizers on growth and flowering of carnation under protected condition. J Ornam Hortic 7:174–178
Bhatia S, Dubey RC, Maheshwari DK (2005) Enhancement of plant growth and suppression of collar rot of sunflower caused by Sclerotium rolfsii through fluorescent Pseudomonas. Ind Phytopathol 58:17–24
Chai B, Wu Y, Liu P, Liu B, Gao M (2011) Isolation and phosphate-solubilizing ability of a fungus, Penicillium sp. from soil of an alum mine. J Basic Microbiol 51:5–14
Chaitra R, Patil VS (2007) Integrated nutrient management studies in China aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees) cv. Kamini. Karnataka J Agric Sci 20:689–690
Chandel S, Deepika R (2010) Recent advances in management and control of Fusarium yellows in Gladiolus species. J Fruit Ornam Plant Res 18:361–380
Chaudhari SR, Patil AB, Patel NK (2013) Effect of organics, inorganics and biofertilizers on growth and yield of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. American beauty. Bioinfolet 10:1214–1217
Chaudhary SS (2007) Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and biofertilizer application on plant growth and bulb production in tuberose. Haryana J Hortic Sci 36:82–85
Chen YP, Rekha PD, Arun AB, Shen FT, Lai WA, Young CC (2006a) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities. Appl Soil Ecol 34:33–41
Chen BD, Zhu YG, Smith FA (2006b) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on uranium and arsenic accumulation by Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.) from uranium miningimpacted soil. Chemosphere 62:1464–1473
Choudhary DK, Johri BN (2008) Interactions of Bacillus spp. and plants—with special reference to induced systemic resistance (ISR). Microbiol Res 164:493–513
Coutinho FP, Felix WP, Yano-Melo AM (2012) Solubilization of phosphates in vitro by Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. Ecol Eng 42:85–89
Dalve PD, Mane SV, Nimbalkar RR (2009) Effect of biofertilizers on growth, flowering and yield of gladiolus. Asian J Hortic 4:227–229
Damam M, Gaddam B, Kausar R (2015) Bio-management of root-rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in Coleus forskohlii. Intern J Pharmacog Phytochem Res 7:347–352
Dastager SG, Deepa CK, Pandey A (2010) Isolation and characterization of novel plant growth promoting Micrococcus sp NII-0909 and its interaction with cowpea. Plant Physiol Biochem 48:987–992
Demir S (2004) Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on some physiological parameters of pepper. Turk J Biol 28:85–90
Dhamangaonkar SN, Misra P (2009) Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum (PGPR) on the growth of bamboo (Bambusa bamboo) and maize (Zea mays) plants. Biofrontiers 1:24–31
Dongardive SB, Golliwar VJ, Bhongle SA (2007) Effect of organic manure and biofertilizers on growth and flowering in Gladiolus cv. white prosperity. Plant Arch 7:657–658
Ekin Z (2011) P-solubilizing bacteria and phosphorus fertilizer applications to sunflower improves seed set, seed filling efficiency and concentration of macro-and micro-nutrients of seeds. Turk J Field Crops 16:183–189
El-Deeb B, Salih B, Youssuf G, Hesham E (2012) Characterization of endophytic bacteria associated with rose plant (Rosa damascena trigintipeta) during flowering stage and their plant growth promoting traits. J Plant Interact 7:248–253
El-Mehalawy AA, Hassanin SM, Hassanin NM, Zaki SA (2007) Induction of resistance and biocontrol of Rhizoctonia in cotton against damping-off disease by rhizosphere yeasts and fungi. New Egypt J Microbiol 17:148–168
El-Sayed WS, Akhkha A, El-Naggar MY, Elbadry M (2014) In vitro antagonistic activity, plant growth promoting traits, and phylogenetic affiliation of rhizobacteria associated with wild plants grown arid soil. Front Microbiol 5:651
Eman AA, Monem AE, Saleh MMS, Mostafa EAM (2008) Minimizing the quantity of mineral nitrogen fertilization grapevine by using humic acid organic and biofertilizers. Res J Agric Sci 4:46–50
Frank O, Julius O (2012) Some characteristics of a plant growth promoting Enterobacter sp. isolated from the roots of maize. Adv Microbiol 2:368–374
Frankowski JM, Lorito FS, Schmid R, Berg G, Bahl H (2001) Purification and properties of two chitinolytic enzymes of Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48. Arch Microbiol 176:421–426
Fulsundar A, Pillai T, Thakur KS (2009) Biological and chemical management of gladiolus corm rot. J Soils Crops 19:135–138
Gajera HP, Vakharia DN (2012) Production of lytic enzymes by Trichoderma isolates during in vitro antagonism with Aspergillus niger, the causal agent of collar rot of peanut. Braz J Microbiol 43:43–52
Gaur A, Adholeya A (2005) Diverse response of five ornamental plant species to mixed indigenous and single isolate arbuscular-mycorrhizal inocula in marginal soil amended with organic matter. J Plant Nutr 28:707–723
Gayathri S, Sarvanan D, Radhakrishnan M, Balagurunathan R, Kathiresan K (2010) Bioprospecting potential of fast growing endophytic bacteria from leaves of mangrove and salt marsh plant species. Ind J Biotechnol 9:397–402
Goes KCGPD, Cattelan AJ, De Carvalho CGP (2012) Biochemical and molecular characterization of high population density bacteria isolated from sunflower. J Microbiol Biotechnol 22:437–447
Goldblatt P (1991) An overview of the systematics, phylogeny and biology of the southern African Iridaceae Contrib. Bolus Herb 13:1–74
Goldstein AH (1986) Bacterial mineral phosphate solubilization: historical perspective and future prospects. Am J Alternat Agric 1:57–65
Gulati A, Sharma N, Vyas P, Sood S, Rahi P, Pathania V, Prasad R (2010) Organic acid production and plant growth promotion as a function of phosphate solubilization by Acinetobacter rhizosphaerae strain BIHB 723 isolated from the cold deserts of the trans-Himalayas. Arch Microbiol 192:975–983
Gullino ML, Camponogara A, Gasparrini G, Rizzo V, Clini C, Garibaldi A (2003) Replacing methyl bromide for soil disinfestations—the Italian experience and implications for other countries. Plant Dis 87:1012–1021
Haas D, Keel C (2003) Regulation of antibiotic production in root-colonizing Pseudomonas spp. and relevance for biological control of plant disease. Ann Rev Phytopathol 41:117–153
Hashemabadi D, Fatemeh Z, Maryam BZ, Mohammad Z, Behzad K, Maryam JS, Ali MT, Somayeh Z (2012) Influence of phosphate bio-fertilizer on quantity and quality features of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). Aust J Crop Sci AJCS 6:1101–1109
Hobbelen PHF, Paveley ND, Van Den BF (2014) The emergence of resistance to fungicides. PLoS One 9:E91910
Hoda EEM, Mona S (2014) Effect of bio and chemical fertilizers on growth and flowering of Petunia hybrida Plants. Am J Plant Physiol 9:68–77
Illmer P, Schinner F (1992) Solubilization of inorganic phosphates by microorganisms isolated from forest soil. Soil Biol Biochem 24:389–395
Jeyaraman S, Purushothaman S (1988) Biofertilizer efficiency in lowland rice. Intern Rice Res News Lett 13:24–26
Karishma, Ashok A, Tanwar A, Neetu (2011) Efficacy of bio-inoculants, plant growth regulators and nutrients in prolonging the vase life of Chrysanthemum indicum (L.). Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci 11:593–599
Karishma, Kuldeep Y, Anju T, Ashok A (2013a) Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescens with various levels of superphosphate on growth enhancement and flowering response of Gerbera. J Ornam Plants (J Ornam Hort Plants) 3:161–170
Karishma, Ashok A, Anju T (2013b) Growth and flower enhancement of Chrysanthemum indicum on inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae and other bio-inoculants. Ind Phytopathol 66:57–60
Karpagam T, Nagalakshmi PK (2014) Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing microbes from agricultural soil. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 3:601–614
Karuppiah P, Rajaram S (2011) Exploring the potential of chromium reducing Bacillus sp. and their plant growth promoting activities. J Microbiol Res 1:17–23
Kashyap R, Chaudhary SVS, Dilta BS, Sharma BP, Gupta YC (2014) Integrated nutrient management in Tuberose, Polianthes Tuberosa L. Intern J Farm Sci 4:55–59
Katan J (2000) Soil and substrate disinfestations as influenced by new technologies and constraints. Acta Hortic 532:29–35
Kenasa G, Jida M, Assefa F (2014) Characterization of phosphate solubilizing faba bean (Vicia faba L.) nodulating rhizobia isolated from acidic soils of Wollega, Ethiopia. Sci Technol Arts Res J 3:11–17
Khan MS, Zaidi A, Wani PA (2007) Role of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture: a review. Agron Sustain Dev 27:29–43
Khan FU, Siddique MAA, Khan FA, Nazki IT (2009) Effect of biofertilizers on growth, flower quality and bulb yield in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana). Ind J Agric Sci 79:248–251
Khan MS, Zaidi A, Ahemad M, Oves M, Wani PA (2010) Plant growth promotion by phosphate solubilizing fungi—current perspective. Arch Agron Soil Sci 56:73–98
Khan MS, Zaidi A, Ahmad E (2014) Mechanism of phosphate solubilization and physiological functions of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. Phosphate solubilising microorganisms: principles and application of Microphos Technology. Springer, Switzerland, pp 31–62
Kim YC, Jung H, Kim KY, Park SK (2008) An effective biocontrol bioformulation against Phytophthora blight of pepper using growth mixtures of combined chitinolytic bacteria under different field conditions. Eur J Plant Pathol 120:373–382
Kloepper JW, Leong J, Teintze M, Schroth MN (1980) Enhanced plant growth by siderophores produced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Nature 286:885–886
Koley S, Pal AK (2011) Response of inorganic fertilizer and biofertilizer on growth and flower yield of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cv. Prajwal in the plains of West Bengal. J Crop Weed 7:241–243
Kumar, Kranthi G, Raghu RM (2014) Phosphate solubilizing rhizobia isolated from Vigna trilobata. Am J Microbiol Res 23:105–109
Kumari A, Goyal RK, Sehrawat SK, Choudhary M, Sindhu SS (2014) Growth, yield and quality of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) cv. Dolly orange as influenced by biofertilizers in combination with phosphorous. IJAEB 7:555–564
Lindsay WL, Vlek PLG, Chien SH (1989) Phosphate minerals. In: Dixon JB, Weed SB (eds) Soil environment, 2nd edn. Soil Science Society America, Madison, pp 1089–1130
Lipping Y, Jiatao X, Daohong J, Yanping F, Guoqing L, Fangcan L (2008) Antifungal substances produced by Penicillium oxalicum strain PY-1 potential antibiotics against plant pathogenic fungi. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24:909–915
Long L-K, Qing Y, Huang YH, Rui-Heng Y, Jun G, Hong-Hui Z (2010) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Zinnia and the different colonization between Gigaspora and Glomus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 26:1527–1531
Loper JE, Gross H (2007) Genomic analysis of antifungal metabolite production by Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Eur J Plant Pathol 119:265–278
Ma Y, Rajkumar M, Freitas H (2009) Inoculation of plant growth promoting bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain Ax10 for the improvement of copper phytoextraction by Brassica juncea. J Environ Manag 90:831–837
Mardad I, Serrano A, Soukri A (2013) Solubilization of inorganic phosphate and production of organic acids by bacteria isolated from a Moroccan mineral phosphate deposit. Afr J Microbiol Res 7:626–635
Maria V, Mercedes S, Vicente B, Encarnación J, Iana N, Vanessa M, Nikolay V (2010) Multifunctional properties of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms grown on agro-industrial wastes in fermentation and soil conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85:1287–1299
Mattson WJ Jr (1980) Herbivory in relation to plant nitrogen content. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 11:119–161
Maurhofer M, Keel C, Haas D, Defago G (1995) Influence of plant species on disease suppression by Pseudomonas fluorecens strains CHOA with enhanced antibiotic production. Plant Pathol 44:40–50
Mazurier M, Corberand T, Lemanceau P, Raaijmakers JM (2009) Phenazine antibiotics produced by fluorescent pseudomonads contribute to natural soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt. ISME J 3:977–991
Meenakshi B, Prabhat K, Santosh K (2014) Impact of integrated nutrient management on post-harvest and corm characters of gladiolus cv. Novalux. Ann Hortic 7:109–114
Mehnaz S, Baig DN, Lazarovits G (2010) Genetic and phenotypic diversity of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from sugarcane plants growing in Pakistan. J Microbiol Biotechnol 20:1614–1623
Mendes GO, Zafra DL, Vassilev NB, Silva IR, Ribero JI Jr, Costa MD (2014) Biochar enhances Aspergillus niger rock phosphate solubilisation by increasing organic acid production and alleviating fluoride toxicity. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:3081–3085
Meshram N, Badge S, Bhongle SA, Khiratkar SD (2008) Effect of bio-inoculants with graded doses of NPK on flowering, yield attributes and economics of annual chrysanthemum. J Soils Crops 18:217–220
Mishra RK, Prakash O, Alam M, Dikshit A (2010) Influence of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the productivity of Pelargonium graveolens L. Herit. Recent Res Sci Technol 2:53–57
Mishra RK, Prakash O, Tiwari AK, Pandey A, Alam M, Dikshit A (2011) Culture filtrate antibiosis of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria PGPRs against phytopathogens infecting medicinal and aromatic plants. Intern J Res Biol Sci 1:45–51
Moghadam MZ, Shoor M (2013) Effects of vermi-compost and two bacterial bio-fertilizers on some quality parameters of Petunia. Not Sci Biol 5:226–231
Mørk EK (2011) Disease resistance in ornamental plants—transformation of Symphyotrichum novi-belgii with powdery mildew resistance genes. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, p 107
Mujahid TY, Siddiqui K, Ahmed R, Kazmi SU, Ahmed N (2014) Isolation and partial characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from soil and marine samples. Pak J Pharm Sci 27:1483–1490
Mwajita MR, Murage H, Tani A, Kahangi EM (2013) Evaluation of rhizosphere, rhizoplane and phyllosphere bacteria and fungi isolated from rice in Kenya for plant growth promoters. SpringerPlus 2:606
Nabti E, Bensidhoum L, Tabli N, Dahel D, Weiss A, Rothballer M, Schmid M, Hartman A (2014) Growth inhibition of barley and biocontrol effect on plant pathogenic fungi by a Cellulosimicrobium isolated from salt affected rhizosphere soil in northwestern Algeria. Eur J Soil Biol 61:20–26
Nagarajkumar M, Bhaskaran R, Velazhahan R (2004) Involvement of secondary metabolites and extracellular lytic enzymes produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens in inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani, the rice sheath blight pathogen. Microbiol Res 159:73–81
Naqvi SDY, Ahmad S (2012) Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli causing corm rot disease of gladiolus. J Stored Prod Postharvest Res 3:49–51
Nath R, Sharma GD, Barooah M (2012) Efficiency of tricalcium phosphate solubilization by two different endophytic Penicillium sp. isolated from tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Eur J Exp Biol 2:1354–1358
Singh N, Kumar S, Bajpai VK, Dubey RC, Maheshwari DK, Kang SC (2010) Biological control of Macrophomina phaseolina by chemotactic fluorescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa PN1 and its plant growth promotory activity in chir-pine. Crop Protec 29:1142–1147
Noori MSS, Saud HM (2012) Potential plant growth-promoting activity of Pseudomonas sp. isolated from paddy soil in Malaysia as biocontrol agent. J Plant Pathol Microb 3:120
Norrish K, Rosser H (1983) Mineral phosphate. Soils: an Australian viewpoint. Sponsored by the Division of Soils, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. Academic Press, Melbourne, CSIRO/London, UK/Australia, pp 335–361
Onyia CE, Anyanwu CU (2013) Comparative study on solubilization of tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) by phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) isolated from Nsukka pepper plant rhizosphere and root free soil. J Yeast Fungal Res 4:52–57
Orberá TM, Serrat MJ, Ortega E (2014) Potential applications of Bacillus subtilis strain SR/B-16 for the control of phytopathogenic fungi in economically relevant crops. Biotecnol Apl 31:13–17
O’Sullivan DJ, O’Gara F (1992) Traits of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. involved in suppressio of plant root pathogens. Microbiol Rev 56:662–676
Pandhare KS, Deshmukh M, Rathod NG, Padgilwar T (2009) Effect of bioinoculants with reduced doses of inorganic fertilizers on flower quality and yield of tuberose. J Plant Dis Sci 4:84–87
Panhwar QA, Othman R, Rahman ZA, Meon S, Ismail MR (2012) Isolation and characterization of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from aerobic rice. Afr J Biotechnol 11:2711–2719
Panhwar QA, Naher UA, Jusop S, Othman R, Latif MA, Ismail MR (2014) Biochemical and molecular characterization of potential phosphate solubilizing bacteria in acid sulphate soils and their beneficial effects on rice growth. PLoS One 9(10):PMC4186749
Parthasarathy VA, Nagaraju V (1999) In vitro propagation in Gerbera jamesonii Bolus. Ind J Hortic 56:82–85
Postma J, Clematis F, Nijhuis EH, Someus E (2013) Efficacy of four phosphate solubilizing bacteria with an animal bone charcoal formulation in controlling Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Radicis lycopersici in tomato. Biol Control 67:284–291
Prasad K, Aggarwal A, Yadav K, Tanwar A (2012) Impact of different levels of superphosphate using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescens on Chrysanthemum indicum L. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 12:451–462
Preethi TL, Pappiah CM, Anbu S (1999) Studies on the effect of Azospirillum sp., nitrogen and ascorbic acid on the growth and flowering of Edward rose (Rosa bourboniana Desp.). J South Ind Hortic 47:106–110
Priya S, Pannerselvan T, Sivakumar T (2013) Evaluation of indole 3-acetic acid in phosphate solubilizing microbes isolated from rhizospheric soil. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2:29–36
Promwee A, Montree I, Warin I, Chiradej C, Punnawich Y (2014) Phosphate solubilization and growth promotion of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) by Trichoderma strains. J Agric Sci 6:8–20
Qasim M, Younis A, Zahir ZA, Riaz A, Raza H, Tariq U (2014) Microbial inoculation increases the nutrient uptake efficiency for quality production of Gladiolus grandiflorus. Pak J Agric Sci 51:875–880
Qiao ZW, Hong JP, Xie YH, Li LX (2013) Screening, identification and phosphate-solubilizing characteristics of Rahnella sp. phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in calcareous soil. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 24:2294–2300
Quadt-Hallmann A, Benhamou AN, Kleopper JW (1997) Bacterial endophytes in cotton: mechanisms of entering the plant. Can J Microbiol 43:577–582
Raaijmakers JM, Mazzola M (2012) Diversity and natural functions of antibiotics produced by beneficial and plant pathogenic bacteria. Ann Rev Phytopathol 50:403–424
Raissi A, Galavi M, Zafaraneieh M, Soluki M, Mousavi SR (2013) Biochemical change of seeds and yield of isabgol (Plantago ovata) under bio-fertilizer, organic manure and chemical fertilizer. Bull Environ Pharmacol Life Sci 2:112–117
Rajesh B, Sandeep D, Dhiman SR, Ritu J (2006) Effect of biofertilizers and biostimulants on growth and flowering in standard carnation (Dianthus Caryophyllus Linn.). J Ornam Hortic 9:282–284
Ramlakshmi R, Bharathiraja S (2015) AM fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Paenibacillus polymyxa) as a potential bioinoculant for marigold. Intern J Curr Res 7:12264–12266
Ramyasmruthi S, Pallavi O, Pallavi S, Tilak K, Srividya S (2012) Chitinolytic and secondary metabolite producing Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from solanaceae rhizosphere effective against broad spectrum fungal phytopathogens. Asian J Plant Sci Res 2:16–24
Raval AA, Desai PB (2012) Rhizobacteria from rhizosphere of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and their effect on plant growth. Res J Recent Sci 1:58–61
Read DJ (1998) Mycorrhizas and nutrient cycling in sand dune ecosystems. In: Gimmingham CH, Ritchie W, Willetts BB, Willis AJ (eds) Coastal sand dunes, vol 96. The Royal Society of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, pp 89–110
Reena TD, Deepthi H, Pravitha MS, Lecturer D (2013) Isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and fungi from rhizospheres soil from banana plants and its effect on the growth of Amaranthus cruentus L. IOSR J Pharmacy Biol Sci 5:06–11
Reinhold-Hurek B, Hurek T (1998) Life in grasses: diazotrophic endophytes. Trend Microbiol 6:139–144
Revillas JJ, Rodelas B, Pozo C, Martínez-Toledo V, González-López J (2000) Production of B-group vitamins by two Azotobacter strains with phenolic compounds as sole carbon source under diazotrophic and adiazotrophic conditions. J Appl Microbiol 89:486–493
Riaz T, Khan SN, Javid A (2007) Scenario of gladiolus production in Punjab, Pakistan. Pak J Bot 39:2389–2393
Riaz T, Salik NW, Arshad J (2009) Effect of co-cultivation and crop rotation on corm rot disease of gladiolus. Sci Hortic 12:218–222
Rivero A, Vézilier J, Weill M, Read AF, Gandon S (2010) Insecticide control of vector-borne diseases: when is insecticide resistance a problem? PLoS Pathog 6:E1001000
Ruangsanka S (2014) Identification of phosphate-solubilizing fungi from the asparagus rhizosphere as antagonists of the root and crown rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. ScienceAsia 40:16–20
Sachin DN, Misra P (2009) Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum (PGPR) on the growth of bamboo (Bambusa bamboo) and maize (Zea mays). Plants Biofront 1:37–46
Saif S, Khan MS, Zaidi A, Ahmad E (2014) Role of phosphate solubilizing actinomycetes in plant growth promotion: current perspective. In: Khan MS, Zaidi A, Musarrat J (eds) Phosphate solubilising microorganisms: principles and application of Microphos Technology. Springer, Switzerland, pp 137–156
Sajjad Y, Jaskani MJ, Ashraf MY, Qasim M, Ahmad R (2014) Response of morphological and physiological growth attributes to foliar application of plant growth regulators in gladiolus “White Prosperity”. Pak J Agric Sci 51:123–129
Sakiyama CCH, Paula EM, Pereira PC, Borges AC, Silva DO (2001) Characterization of pectin lyase produced by an endophytic strain isolated from coffee cherries. Lett Appl Microbiol 33:117–121
Salma Z, Sindhu SS, Ahlawat VP (2014) Suppression of Fusarium wilt disease in gladiolus by using rhizobacterial strains. J Crop Weed 10:466–471
Sarabhoy AK, Agarwal DK (1983) Two new diseases of ornamental plants: Fusarium rot and Mamnalaria species. Curr Sci 52:821–822
Sarkar A, Islam T, Biswas GC, Alam S, Hossain M, Talukder NM (2012) Screening for phosphate solubilizing bacteria inhabiting the rhizoplane of rice grown in acidic soil in Bangladesh. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 59:199–213
Scervino JM, Mesa MP, Mónica ID, Recchi M, Moreno NS, Godeas A (2010) Soil fungal isolates produce different organic acid patterns involved in phosphate salts solubilization. Biol Fertil Soils 46:755–763
Schippers BA, Bakker W, Bakker AHM (1987) Interactions of deleterious and beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms and the effect of cropping practice. Ann Rev Phytopathol 25:339–358
Schippers B, Bakker AW, Bakker PAHM, Van Peer R (1990) Beneficial and deleterious effects of HCN-producing pseudomonads on rhizosphere interactions. Plant Soil 129:75–83
Selvakumar G, Mohan M, Kundu S, Gupta AD, Joshi P, Nazim S, Gupta HS (2008) Cold tolerance and plant growth promotion potential of Serratia marcescens strain SRM (MTCC 8708) isolated from flowers of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo). Lett Appl Microbiol 46:171–175
Selvakumar G, Joshi P, Nazim S, Mishra PK, Bisht JK, Gupta HS (2009) Phosphate solubilization and growth promotion by Pseudomonas fragi CS11RH1 (MTCC 8984), a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from a high altitude Himalayan rhizosphere. Biologia 64:239–245
Shanmugam V, Sharma V (2008) Genetic relatedness of Trichoderma isolates antagonistic against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi inflicting carnation wilt. Folia Microbiol 53:130–138
Shanmugam V, Kanoujia N, Singh M, Singh S, Prasad R (2011) Biocontrol of vascular wilt and corm rot of gladiolus caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli using plant growth promoting rhizobacterial mixture. Crop Protec 30:807–813
Sharma AK (2002) Bio-fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios India, Jodhpur, p 407
Sharma SN, Chandel SS (2006) Biological control of gladiolus wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli. Indian J Plant Pathol 34:345–347
Sharma A, Johri BN (2003) Growth promoting influence of siderophore-producing Pseudomonas strains GRP3A and PRS9 in maize (Zea mays L.) under iron limiting conditions. Microbiol Res 158:243–248
Sharma SN, Chandel S, Tomar M (2005) Integrated management of Fusarium yellows of gladioli Snyder and Hans under polyhouse conditions. In: Sharma RC, Sharma JN (eds) Integrated plant disease management. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, pp 221–229
Sharma BC, Subba R, Saha A (2012) In vitro solubilization of tricalcium phosphate and production of IAA by phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from tea rhizosphere of Darjeeling Himalaya. Plant Sci Feed 2:96–99
Shenoy VV, Kalagudi GM (2005) Enhancing plant phosphorus use efficiency for sustainable cropping. Biotechnol Adv 23:501–513
Singh AK (2007) Response of integrated nutrient management on growth and flowering attributes in rose. J Ornam Hortic 10:58–60
Singh N, Pandey P, Dubey RC, Maheshwari DK (2008) Biological control of root rot fungus Macrophomina phaseolina and growth enhancement of Pinus roxburghii (Sarg.) by rhizosphere competent Bacillus subtilis BN1. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24:1669–1679
Sivasakthi S, Kanchana D, Usharani G, Saranraj P (2013) Production of plant growth promoting substance by Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis isolates from paddy rhizosphere soil of Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India. Intern J Microbiol Res 4:227–233
Sohan BK, Kim KY, Chung SJ, Kim WS, Park SM, Kang JG, Cho JS, Kim T, Lee JH (2003) Effect of different timing of AMF inoculation on plant growth and flower quality of Chrysanthemum. Sci Hortic 98:173–183
Song OR, Lee SJ, Lee YS, Lee SC, Kim KK, Choi YL (2008) Solubilization of insoluble inorganic phosphate by Burkholderia cepacia DA 23 isolated from cultivated soil. Braz J Microbiol 39:151–156
Sowmya DS, Rao MS (2012) Combined effect of Pseudomonas putida and Paecilomyces lilacinus in the management of disease complex in Gladiolus grandiflorus L. Pest Manag Hortic Ecosys 18:204–209
Srivastava R, Govil M (2005) Influence of biofertilizers on growth and flowering in gladiolus cv. American Beauty, ISHS Acta Hortic 742: Intern Conf Exhib Soil less Culture (ICESC)
Srivastava R, Govil M (2007) Influence of biofertilizers on growth and flowering in gladiolus cv. American beauty. Acta Hortic (ISHS) 742:183–188
Srivastava R, Preetham SP, Chand S (2014) Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on vegetative, floral and post harves attributes in tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) var Shringar. Asian J Biol Life Sci 3:6–9
Stephen J, Jisha MS (2011) Gluconic acid production as the principal mechanism of mineral phosphate solubilization by Burkholderia sp. (MTCC 8369). J Trop Agric 49:99–103
Surapat W, Pukahuta C, Rattanachaikunsopon P, Aimi T, Boonlue S (2013) Characteristics of phosphate solubilization by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from agricultural chili soil and their efficiency on the growth of chili (Capsicum frutescens L. cv. Hua Rua). Chiang Mai J Sci 40:11–25
Susilowati LE, Syekhfani (2014) Characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from Pb contaminated soils and their potential for dissolving tricalcium phosphate. J Degrad Min Lands Manag 1:57–62
Taher T, Golchin A, Shafiei S, Sayfzadeh S (2013) Effect of nitrogen and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on growth and quantitative traits of tuberose (Polianthes tuberose L.). J Sci Technol Greenh Cult 4:50
Tahir M, Mirza MS, Zaheer A, Dimitrov MR, Smidt H, Hameed S (2013) Isolation and identification of phosphate solubilizer Azospirillum, Bacillus and Enterobacter strains by 16SrRNA sequence analysis and their effect on growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Aust J Crop Sci 7:1284–1292
Tallapragada P, Usha S (2012) Phosphate-solubilizing microbes and their occurrence in the rhizospheres of Piper betel in Karnataka, India. Turk J Biol 36:25–35
Tandon RN, Bhargava SN (1963) Fusarium rot of gladiolus. Curr Sci 32:377
Tanwar A, Yadav K, Prasad K, Aggarwal A (2013) Biological amendments of growth, nutritional quality and yield of celery. Int J Veg Sci 19:228–239
Tomar M (1997) Studies on the management of gladiolus yellows caused by Fusarium species. M.Sc. Thesis, Dr. Y. S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry. Nauni, Solan Himachal Pradesh India, p 43
Torkashvand M (2009) General pedology. Islamic Azad University, Iran, p 288
Trujillo ME, Velázquez E, Miguélez S, Jiménez MS, Mateos PF, Martínez-Molina E (2007) Characterization of a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens that solubilizes phosphates in vitro and produces high antibiotic activity against several microorganisms. In: Velázquez E, Rodríguez-Barrueco C (eds) First international meeting on microbial phosphate solubilization. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 265–268
Velusamy P, Immanuel JE, Gnanamanickam SS, Thomashow L (2006) Biological control of rice bacterial blight by plant-associated bacteria producing 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. Can J Microbiol 52:56–65
Venkateswarlu B, Rao AV, Raina P (1984) Evaluation of phosphorous solubilization by microorganisms isolated from aridisols. J Ind Soc Soil Sc 32:273–277
Vessey JK (2003) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as bio-fertilizers. Plant Soil 255:571–586
Vyas P, Gulati A (2009) Organic acid production in vitro and plant growth promotion in maize under controlled environment by phosphate-solubilizing fluorescent Pseudomonas. BMC Microbiol 9:174
Walpola BC, Yoon MH (2013a) In vitro solubilization of inorganic phosphates by phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. Afr J Microbiol Res 7:3534–3541
Walpola C, Yoon MH (2013b) Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their co-inoculation efficiency on tomato plant growth and phosphorous uptake. Afr J Microbiol Res 7:266–275
Wange SS, Patil PL (2007) Response of tuberose to bio-fertilizers and nitrogen. Maharashtra J Agric Univ 19:484–485
Xiao C, Chi R, He H, Qiu G, Wang D, Zhang W (2009) Isolation of phosphate-solubilizing fungi from phosphate mines and their effect on wheat seedling growth. Appl Biochem Biotech 159:330–342
Ruchi, Kapoor R, Kumar A, Kumar A, Patil S, Thapa S, Kaur M (2012) Evaluation of plant growth promoting attributes and lytic enzyme production by fluorescent Pseudomonas diversity associated with apple and pear. Intern J Sci Res Pub 2:2250–3153
Yadav BK, Tarafdar JC (2011) Penicillium purpurogenum, unique P mobilizers in arid agro-ecosystems. Arid Land Res Manag 25:87–99
Yadav J, Verma JP, Tiwari KN (2011) Plant growth promoting activities of fungi and their effect on chickpea plant growth. Asian J Bio Sci 4:291–299
Yang S, Zhang X, Cao Z, Zhao K, Wang S, Chen M, Hu X (2014) Growth promoting Sphingomonas paucimobilis ZJSH1 associated with Dendrobium officinale through phytohormone production and nitrogen fixation. Microb Biotechnol 7:611–620
Yasser MM, Ahmad SM, Mousa ONM, Siada HN (2014) Solubilization of inorganic phosphate by phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated from Egyptian soils. J Biol Earth Sci 4:B83–B90
Younis A, Riaz A, Ikram S, Nawaz T, Hameed M, Fatima S, Batool R, Ahmad F (2013) Salinity-induced structural and functional changes in three cultivars of Alternanthra bettzikiana (Regel) G. Nicholson. Turk J Agric For 37:674–687
Zaidi A, Khan MS, Ahemad M, Oves M (2009) Plant growth promotion by phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 56:263–284
Zaidi A, Ahmad E, Khan MS (2014) Role of phosphate solubilizing microbes in the management of plant diseases. In: Khan MS, Zaidi A, Musarrat J (eds) Phosphate solubilising microorganisms: principles and application of Microphos echnology. Springer, Switzerland, pp 225–256
Zaredost F, Davood H, Maryam BZ, Ali MT, Behzad K, Maryam JS, Mohammad Z (2014) The effect of phosphate bio-fertilizer (Barvar-2) on the growth of marigold. J Environ Biol 35:439–443
Zawadzka M, Trzciński P, Nowak K, Orlikowska T (2013) The impact of three bacteria isolated from contaminated plant cultures on in vitro multiplication and rooting of microshoots of four ornamental plants. J Hortic Res 21:41–51
Zhao K, Penttinen P, Zhang X, Ao X, Liu M, Yu X, Chen Q (2014a) Maize rhizosphere in Sichuan, China, hosts plant growth promoting Burkholderia cepacia with phosphate solubilizing and antifungal abilities. Microbiol Res 169:76–82
Zhao L, Wang F, Zhao J (2014b) Identification and functional characteristics of chlorpyrifos-degrading and plant growth promoting bacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. J Basic Microbiol 54:457–463
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Communicated by A. K. Kononowicz.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zaidi, A., Khan, M.S., Ahmad, E. et al. Growth stimulation and management of diseases of ornamental plants using phosphate solubilizing microorganisms: current perspective. Acta Physiol Plant 38, 117 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-016-2133-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-016-2133-7