Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that can induce morphophysiological changes and disturb the normal functioning of plants. However, the deleterious effects caused by exposure to heavy metals can be alleviated by co-exposure to some mineral elements such as selenium (Se). We analyzed the morphophysiological changes of Aechmea blanchetiana in response to Pb and Se co-exposure during in vitro growth. First, the plants were cultured in media containing 0 or 4 µM Se. After 72 days of culture with both Se treatments, a sterilized solution containing Pb in a concentration gradient (0, 500, 1000, or 2000 µM) was added, forming a two-phase medium with eight treatments. At 75 days of Se and Pb treatment, the changes in physiology and anatomy of the plants were verified. The number and diameter of xylem vessels of the leaves decreased with rising Pb concentrations. Plants grown without Se and supplemented with Pb presented characteristics of stress, such as lower content of photosynthetic pigments, magnesium and manganese, and lower RC/CSM. In contrast, plants cultured with Se had higher pigment content and better performance of photosynthetic apparatus, as confirmed by the negative K- and L-bands and PI(Total) values. Both Pb and Se alone and their combined use affected the growth, physiology, and anatomy of A. blanchetiana plants. This species can be used as a bioindicator agent due to its bioaccumulation capacity and tolerance to excess Pb.
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Abbreviations
- ABS/CSM :
-
Absorbed photon flux per excited cross section of PSII
- Car:
-
Carotenoids
- Chl a :
-
Chlorophyll a
- Chl b :
-
Chlorophyll b
- DI0/CSM :
-
Dissipated energy flux per cross section of PSII
- ET0/CSM :
-
Potential electron transport per cross section of PSII
- F0 :
-
Initial fluorescence
- FM :
-
Maximum fluorescence
- FV :
-
Variable fluorescence
- FV/F0 :
-
Ratio of the de-excitation rate constants for photochemical and non-photochemical events
- M0 :
-
Net rate of photosystem II closure
- OEC:
-
Oxygen-evolving complex
- PI(Total) :
-
Total performance index
- PS I:
-
Photosystem I
- PS II:
-
Photosystem II
- QA :
-
Quinone A
- QB :
-
Quinone B
- RC/CSM :
-
Total number of PSII active reaction centers
- TR0/CSM :
-
Maximum trapped exciton flux per cross section of PSII
- VI :
-
Relative variable fluorescence at 30 ms (step I)
- VJ :
-
Relative variable fluorescence at 2 ms (step J)
- φP0 :
-
Maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry of PSII reaction center
- φE0 :
-
Quantum yield of electron transport
- φD0 = F0/FM :
-
Quantum yield of energy dissipation
- ΨE0 :
-
Probability that a trapped exciton moves an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA−
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Acknowledgements
The study was funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo (FAPES; Vitória, Brazil; Grant 1005/2015) and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). JPRM received post-doctoral fellowships from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (PNPD/CAPES). The authors are also thankful to Luiz Carlos de Almeida Rodrigues for preparing the figures and Pollyanna Braga Machado's technical support.
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Martins, J.P.R., Conde, L.T., Falqueto, A.R. et al. Selenium biofortified Aechmea blanchetiana (Bromeliaceae) can resist lead-induced toxicity during in vitro culture. Acta Physiol Plant 43, 149 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03323-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03323-0