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Synthesis and characterization of Mo-doped barium strontium titanate nanopowder via slow injection sol–gel processing

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Abstract

Barium strontium titanate (BST) is a perovskite utilized in a variety of applications. Hence, the main aim of this research was synthesizing and characterizing BST and Mo-doped BST nanopowders so that the effect of Mo on some properties of BST was investigated. They were synthesized through a slow injection sol–gel method calcined at 800 °C. The SEM image of BST and Mo-doped BST nanopowders revealed that more agglomerated particles with the respective grain size of 40.13 and 27.00 nm, respectively, were obtained. Incorporation of Mo to BST has resulted in lowering of average crystal sizes from 23.97 to 17.84 nm, from the XRD data. The particle size of Mo-BST was also obtained from the TEM as 24.591 nm. The BET data revealed that lowering of the specific surface area from 557.9 to 54.2 m2/g was accompanied by reduction of pore volume with almost constant porous size, after the incorporation of Mo6+ to BST. From the XPS data, the binding energy of Mo3d in the BST powder was found as Mo6+ 3d5/2 (232 eV) and Mo6+ 3d3/2 (235 eV) confirming the existence of Mo on the BST perovskite which has been further supported by the EDS spectrum and Raman spectroscopy data, while the functional groups such as Mo–O, Ti–O, Ba–O, Sr–O were revealed by the FTIR spectrum in the range 400–600 cm−1. All the data supported the conclusion that Mo-doped BST has been effectively synthesized through a slow injection sol–gel method with varied properties from the pure BST.

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Data availability

The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to show their gratitude to Adama Science and Technology University for its financial support.

Funding

The project was financed by Ethiopian Ministry of Education (MoE) and Adama Science and Technology University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia

    Kiflom Gebremedhn Kelele, H. C. Ananda Murthy, Aschalew Tadesse & Lemma Teshome Tufa

  2. Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMAT), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India

    H. C. Ananda Murthy

  3. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SoEEC, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia

    Ruthramurthy Balachandran

  4. Nano-Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan

    Yosef Nikodimos

  5. Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea

    Jaebeom Lee

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  1. Kiflom Gebremedhn Kelele
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Contributions

Professor RB, Dr. HCAM, and KGK have conceptualized and designed the project. On the other hand, Dr. AT, Professor JL, Dr. LTT, and Dr. YN analyzed and interpreted the data regarding the structural property of the Mo-doped BST. We would also like to confirm that all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to H. C. Ananda Murthy.

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Kelele, K.G., Murthy, H.C.A., Balachandran, R. et al. Synthesis and characterization of Mo-doped barium strontium titanate nanopowder via slow injection sol–gel processing. Chem. Pap. 77, 129–139 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02458-9

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