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Compositional analysis and electrical properties of Sb, Mn-doped barium strontium titanate PTCR ceramics with TiO2 and SiO2 sintering additives

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Abstract

The secondary phase compositions in Sb-doped (Ba, Sr)TiO3 ceramics containing SiO2 and excess TiO2 sintering additives have been examined by XRD, BEI and EPMA techniques. It is shown that alongside the primary (Ba0.797Sr0.2Sb0.003)TiO3 phase, (Ba1.95Sr0.05)2(Ti1.2Si1.8)O8 and Sb-doped (Ba0.99Sr0.01)6Ti17O40 phases form at the intergranular regions. Substitution of up to 0.04 mol% MnO2 enhances the PTCR effect, giving a ratio ρmax/ρmin ∼ 7 × 105 for the optimum 0.04% MnO2 composition. At this level Mn cannot be detected in the microstructure by EPMA, however in insulating samples containing 0.08 mol% of MnO2, it was detected in the (Ba0.99Sr0.01)6Ti17O40 intergranular phase.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to Tim Comyn, Steve McBride, P Vogel and other IMR colleagues for advice and practical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science Program, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand

    P. Bomlai

  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    N. Sirikulrat

  3. Institute for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

    A. Brown & S. J. Milne

  4. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

    E. Condliffe

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  1. P. Bomlai
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  2. N. Sirikulrat
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  3. A. Brown
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  4. E. Condliffe
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  5. S. J. Milne
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Correspondence to P. Bomlai.

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Bomlai, P., Sirikulrat, N., Brown, A. et al. Compositional analysis and electrical properties of Sb, Mn-doped barium strontium titanate PTCR ceramics with TiO2 and SiO2 sintering additives. J Mater Sci 42, 2175–2180 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-1058-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-1058-8

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