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Effect of Annealing Atmosphere and Steel Alloy Composition on Oxide Formation and Radiative Properties of Advanced High-Strength Steel Strip

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Abstract

This study elucidates the effect of alloy composition, annealing atmosphere, and pre-annealed surface state on the radiative properties of dual-phase (DP) steels. Twelve samples of varying alloy composition and pre-annealed surface roughness were heated in a 95 pct/5 pct (vol) N2/H2 process atmosphere under dew points of + 10 °C and − 30 °C. The surface profile and surface topography were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry, while radiative properties were measured using a UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The surface oxide speciation and thickness were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and focused ion beam milling, respectively. The results showed that smooth oxidized surfaces with lower Si/Mn mass ratios give rise to prominent interference effects observed in the measured reflectance. The thin-film interference model accurately predicts measured radiative properties. These findings can be used to improve the industrial pyrometry measurements in the continuous galvanizing line, and, potentially, to evaluate the oxide formation of DP steels during annealing via in-situ optical measurements.

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The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada (NSERC CRDPJ-521291-2017 and RGPIN-2019-06535) and the International Zinc Association. The authors would like to thank Dr. Bayindir Zeynel at the Biointerfaces Institute at McMaster University for assistance with the XPS analysis, as well as Dr. Frank Goodwin (IZA), Mr. Christopher Martin-Root (Stelco), Dr. Joyce Niederinghaus (AK Steel), Mr. Michel Dubois (CMI), and Professor Myriam Brochu (Ecole Polytechnique du Montreal) for helpful discussions. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Roohen Tarighat and Dr. Hrilina Ghosh for their help with the ellipsometry measurements, and to Dr. Yuquan Ding for his help with the profilometry measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada

    Kaihsiang Lin, Fatima K. Suleiman & Kyle J. Daun

  2. McMaster Steel Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada

    Maedeh Pourmajidian & Joseph R. McDermid

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  1. Kaihsiang Lin
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  2. Maedeh Pourmajidian
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  3. Fatima K. Suleiman
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  5. Kyle J. Daun
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Correspondence to Kyle J. Daun.

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Manuscript submitted June 21, 2021; accepted November 1, 2021.

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Lin, K., Pourmajidian, M., Suleiman, F.K. et al. Effect of Annealing Atmosphere and Steel Alloy Composition on Oxide Formation and Radiative Properties of Advanced High-Strength Steel Strip. Metall Mater Trans B 53, 380–393 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02374-5

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