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Effect of Process Atmosphere Dew Point and Tin Addition on Oxide Morphology and Growth for a Medium-Mn Third Generation Advanced Steel During Intercritical Annealing

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Abstract

The combined effects of process atmosphere oxygen partial pressure, annealing time, and a 0.05 wt pct Sn addition on the selective oxidation of a model 0.1C-6Mn-2Si third generation advanced high-strength steel (3G-AHSS) composition were investigated. External and internal oxidation of both steels were observed after intercritical annealing at 963 K (690 °C) for holding times of 60 to 600 seconds under all process atmosphere dew points explored—i.e., 223 K, 243 K, and 278 K (− 50 °C, − 30 °C, and + 5 °C). The external MnO morphology was changed from compact and continuous film-like nodules to a fine and discrete globular morphology, with thinner external oxides, for the Sn-added steel. Cross-sectional TEM analysis revealed that the Sn addition also resulted in significant refinement of the internal oxide network. Kinetic studies showed that both the external and internal oxidation followed a parabolic rate law, where the Sn addition to the steel chemistry resulted in lower external and internal oxidation rates. 3D atom probe tomography of the external oxide/steel interface showed that Sn was segregated to the interface with enrichment levels ten times the bulk value, which was concluded to be responsible for the observed morphological changes. The resultant refined external oxide structure is expected to have significant benefits with respect to reactive wetting by the continuous galvanizing bath.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Stelco Inc. through the NSERC/Stelco Industrial Research Chair in Advanced Coated Steels (Grant IRCPJ 305921-12). U.S. Steel Research is gratefully acknowledged for their provision of the steels used in this study. The authors would like to thank John Thomson and Ray Fullerton of the McMaster Steel Research Centre for their technical support with the galvanizing simulations, Travis Casagrande and Dr. Andreas Korinek of the Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy (CCEM) for technical and scientific assistance with FIB work and electron energy loss spectroscopy, and Dr. Li Sun at ArcelorMittal Dofasco for aiding with the XPS analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. McMaster Steel Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada

    Maedeh Pourmajidian & Joseph R. McDermid

  2. Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada

    Brian Langelier

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  1. Maedeh Pourmajidian
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Correspondence to Joseph R. McDermid.

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Manuscript submitted February 1, 2018.

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Pourmajidian, M., Langelier, B. & McDermid, J.R. Effect of Process Atmosphere Dew Point and Tin Addition on Oxide Morphology and Growth for a Medium-Mn Third Generation Advanced Steel During Intercritical Annealing. Metall Mater Trans A 49, 5561–5573 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4855-1

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