Abstract
The selective sulfidation of lead smelter slag with sulfur was studied. The effects of temperature, sulfur dosage, carbon, and Na salts additions were investigated based on thermodynamic calculation. The results indicated that more than 96 pct of zinc in the slag could be converted into sulfides. Increasing temperature, sulfur dosage, or Na salts dosage was conducive to the sulfidation of the zinc oxides in the slag. High temperature and excess Na salts would result in the more consumption of carbon and sulfur. Carbon addition not only promoted the selective sulfidation but reduced the sulfur dosage and eliminated the generation of SO2. Iron oxides had a buffering role on the sulfur efficient utilization. The transformation of sphalerite to wurtzite was feasible under reducing condition at high temperature, especially above 1273 K (1000 °C). The growth of ZnS particles largely depended upon the roasting temperature. They were significantly increased when the temperature was above 1273 K (1000 °C), which was attributed to the formation of a liquid phase.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
1. L. R. P. de Andrade Lima and L. A. Bernardez: J. Hazard. Mater., 2011, vol. 189, pp. 692-699.
2. G. G. Richards and J. K. Brimacombe: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 1985, vol. 16, pp. 529-540.
3. G. G. Richards, J. K. Brimacombe, and G. W. Toop: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 1985, vol. 16, pp. 513-527.
4. H. Shen and E. Forssberg: Waste Manage., 2003, vol. 23, pp. 933-949.
5. M. Ejtemaei, M. Irannajad, and M. Gharabaghi: Miner. Eng., 2011, vol. 24, pp. 1402-1408.
N. H. Yin, Y. Sivry, C. Avril, S. Borensztajn, J. Labanowski, V. Malavergne, P. N. L. Lens, S. Rossano, and E. D. van Hullebusch: Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 2014, vol. 86 Part C, pp. 372-381
7. Z. Jin, T. Liu, Y. Yang, and D. Jackson: Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 2014, vol. 104, pp. 43-50.
8. S. M. Hay and W. J. Rankin: Miner. Eng., 1994, vol. 7, pp. 985-1001.
9. G. Li, S. Zhang, M. Rao, Y. Zhang, and T. Jiang: Int. J. Miner. Process., 2013, vol. 124, pp. 26-34.
10. W. Qin, F. Jiao, W. Sun, M. He, and H. Huang: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2012, vol. 51, pp. 11538-11546.
11. L. M. Ou and B. Y. Yin: Adv. Mater. Res., 2011, vol. 402, pp. 564-571.
12. D. Kuchar, T. Fukuta, M. S. Onyango, and H. Matsuda: J. Hazard. Mater., 2006, vol. 137, pp. 185-191.
13. H. Han, W. Sun, Y. Hu, B. Jia, and H. Tang: J. Hazard. Mater., 2014, vol. 278, pp. 49-54.
14. W. Yuan, J. Li, Q. Zhang, and F. Saito: Powder Technol., 2012, vol. 230, pp. 63-66.
15. J. Wang, J. Lu, Q. Zhang, and F. Saito: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2003, vol. 42, pp. 5813-5818.
L. Chai, Y. Liang, Y. Ke, X. Min, C. Tang, H. Zhang, X. Xie, and C. Yuan: T. Nonferr. Metal. Soc., 2013, vol. 23, vol. 1129-1138
17. Y. Liang, L. Chai, X. Min, C. Tang, H. Zhang, Y. Ke, and X. Xie: J. Hazard. Mater., 2012, vol. 217–218, pp. 307-314.
18. X. Min, C. Yuan, L. Chai, Y. Liang, H. Zhang, X. Xie, and Y. Ke: Miner. Eng., 2013, vol. 40, pp. 16-23.
19. Y. Liang, L. Chai, H. Liu, X. Min, Q. Mahmood, H. Zhang, and Y. Ke: Miner. Eng., 2012, vol. 25, pp. 14-19.
20. C. Li, C. Wei, Z. Deng, X. Li, M. Li, G. Fan, and H. Xu: T. Nonferr. Metal. Soc., 2013, vol. 23, pp. 1815-1821.
21. C. T. Harris, J. G. Peacey, and C. A. Pickles: Miner. Eng., 2011, vol. 24, pp. 651-660.
22. C. A. Pickles, C. T. Harris, J. Peacey, and J. Forster: Miner. Eng., 2013, vol. 54, pp. 52-62.
23. Y. Li, J. Wang, C. Wei, C. Liu, J. Jiang, and F. Wang: Miner. Eng. 2010, vol. 23, pp. 563-566.
24. Y. Zheng, W. Liu, W. Qin, Y. Kong, H. Luo, and J. Han: Sep. Sci. Technol., 2014, vol. 49, pp. 783-791.
25. Y. Zheng, W. Liu, W. Qin, J. Han, K. Yang, H. Luo, and D. Wang: Can. Metall. Quart., 2015, vol. 54, pp. 92-100.
26. C. T. Harris, J. G. Peacey, and C. A. Pickles: Miner. Eng., 2013, vol. 54, pp. 21-31.
27. M. G. Randall, S. Pavan, and J. P. Seong: J. Mater. Sci., 2009, vol. 44, pp. 1-39.
28. Y. Zheng, W. Liu, W. Qin, F. Jiao, J. Han, K. Yang, and H. Luo: J. Cent. South Univ., 2015, vol. 22, pp. 1635-1642.
29. M. Jiang, T. Sun, Z. Liu, J. Kou, N. Liu, and S. Zhang: Int. J. Miner. Process., 2013, vol. 123, pp. 32-38.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Innovation Project for Postgraduates of Central South University (2015zzts090), Co-Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Metal Mineral Resources and National Natural Science Foundation of China (51204210) for funding this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Manuscript submitted September 25, 2015.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Han, J., Liu, W., Wang, D. et al. Selective Sulfidation of Lead Smelter Slag with Sulfur. Metall Mater Trans B 47, 344–354 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0526-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0526-4