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Microstructural and Chemical Changes of a Ti-Stabilized Austenitic Stainless Steel After Exposure to Liquid Sodium at Temperatures Between 500 °C and 650 °C

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Abstract

Ti-stabilized austenitic stainless steel was carburized in sodium containing a high carbon activity at three different temperatures, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 650 °C during 1000 hours and 5000 hours. The carbon profile, the carbide volume fraction, and the lattice parameter evolution as function of depth were determined using high-energy X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. At 650 °C and 600 °C, the carbon precipitated as M23C6 and M7C3 carbides in the sample. The volume fraction of M7C3 carbides was lower than predicted by thermodynamic equilibrium using Thermo-Calc software®. At 500 °C, carbides almost did not form in the steel. Instead, high carbon supersaturation of the austenitic matrix occurred. Both results demonstrate that the carburization profile was strongly influenced by the kinetics of carbide formation at temperatures lower than 650 °C. High-energy X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrated that the austenite and carbide lattice parameters evolved along the carbon profile. Both measured lattice parameter profiles of austenite and M23C6 carbide were compared to the ones predicted from chemical changes of austenite and carbides.

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  1. Austenitic Improved Material

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY-Petra III, Hamburg, Germany) for provision of beamtime at the PETRA P07-EH2 beamline. We would like to thank Olof Gutowski for assistance during the HEXRD experiments, A. Lequien and T. Vandenberghe for having carried out the EPMA analyses, P. Nerfie for the technical support in carrying out the carburizing tests, and J. Ghanbaja, S. Migot, and M. Emo from the Microscopies and Microprobes competence center of IJL for having carried out the TEM experiments. The RG4 project from CEA is thanked for having partially funded this study.

Funding

This work was supported by the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, EDF, Framatome, the project CALIPSOOplus under the Grant Agreement 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020 and the French State through the program “Investissements du futur” operated by the National Research Agency (ANR) and referenced by ANR-11-LABX-0008-01[68]

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, 54000, Nancy, France

    Mohamed Fares Slim & Guillaume Geandier

  2. CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, ENSIACET 4, allée Émile Monso, 31030, Toulouse, France

    Benoit Malard

  3. Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Fabien Rouillard

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  1. Mohamed Fares Slim
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Correspondence to Mohamed Fares Slim.

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Manuscript submitted 19 March 2021; accepted 8 July 2021.

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Slim, M.F., Geandier, G., Malard, B. et al. Microstructural and Chemical Changes of a Ti-Stabilized Austenitic Stainless Steel After Exposure to Liquid Sodium at Temperatures Between 500 °C and 650 °C. Metall Mater Trans A 52, 4438–4453 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06396-1

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