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Gamma radiation, in vitro selection for salt (NaCl) tolerance, and characterization of mutants in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)

  • Plant Tissue Culture
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Abstract

Gamma-ray-induced mutagenesis and in vitro selection of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. Lam.) plants tolerant to NaCl was achieved using embryogenic calli of sugarcane var. Co740. Sensitivity to gamma radiation and NaCl was studied in vitro in embryogenic calli followed by characterization and evaluation of mutant clones. The results indicated that callus growth and plant regeneration were significantly affected by radiation dose (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, or 80 Gy 60Co gamma rays) as well as NaCl exposure (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 mM). Salt tolerance was achieved by culturing irradiated callus on selection medium with different NaCl concentrations through stepwise in vitro selection. Salt-selected embryogenic callus lines were then analyzed for proline, glycine betaine, Na+, and K+ contents. Salt-selected plants were grown to maturity, and their agronomic performance was evaluated under normal and saline conditions. Twenty-four mutant clones were characterized for proline, glycine betaine, Na+, and K+ contents. The mutant clones exhibited improved sugar yield with increments in Brix%, number of millable canes, girth, and yield. The results suggest that in vitro culture and induced mutagenesis offer an effective way to enhance the genetic variation in sugarcane.

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Acknowledgments

This study was carried out with partial financial support from DAE-BRNS project. We are thankful to the Director General, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune, India, for providing research facility. We are also thankful to Dr. Kapil Sushir, Scientist, Plant Breeding section, VSI, for helping in the observations of salt selections in the field.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tissue culture section, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Manjari (Bk), Pune, 412307, India

    Ashok A. Nikam & Prahlad N. Tawar

  2. Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Division, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Manjari (Bk), Pune, 412307, India

    Rachayya M. Devarumath

  3. Department of Biotechnology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India

    Ashok A. Nikam & Rachayya M. Devarumath

  4. Department of Botany, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India

    Mahadeo G. Shitole

  5. National Institute of Virology, Pashan, Pune, 411021, India

    Vikram S. Ghole

  6. Functional Plant Biology, Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India

    Penna Suprasanna

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  1. Ashok A. Nikam
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  2. Rachayya M. Devarumath
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  3. Mahadeo G. Shitole
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Correspondence to Rachayya M. Devarumath.

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Nikam, A.A., Devarumath, R.M., Shitole, M.G. et al. Gamma radiation, in vitro selection for salt (NaCl) tolerance, and characterization of mutants in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 50, 766–776 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-014-9630-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-014-9630-4

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