Dyrbye LN, Harper W, Durning SJ, et al. Patterns of distress in US medical students. Med Teach. 2011;33:834–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guthrie EA, Black D, Shaw CM, Hamilton J, Creed FH, Tomenson B. Embarking upon a medical career: psychological morbidity in first year medical students. Med Educ. 1995;29:337–41.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Murphy JM, Nadelson CC, Notman MT. Factors influencing first-year medical students’ perceptions of stress. J Human Stress. 1984;10:165–73.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dyrbye LN, Shanafelt TD. Commentary: medical student distress: a call to action. Acad Med. 2011;86:801–3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Shanafelt TD. Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among U.S. and Canadian medical students. Acad Med. 2006;81:354–73.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guthrie E, Black D, Bagalkote H, Shaw C, Campbell M, Creed F. Psychological stress and burnout in medical students: a five-year prospective longitudinal study. J R Soc Med. 1998;91:237–43.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goebert D, Thompson D, Takeshita J, et al. Depressive symptoms in medical students and residents: a multischool study. Acad Med. 2009;84:236–41.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dahlin M, Joneborg N, Runeson B. Stress and depression among medical students: a cross-sectional study. Med Educ. 2005;39:594–604.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Toews JA, Lockyer JM, Dobson DJ, et al. Analysis of stress levels among medical students, residents, and graduate students at four Canadian schools of medicine. Acad Med. 1997;72:997–1002.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kliewer W, Sandler IN. Locus of control and self-esteem as moderators of stressor-symptom relations in children and adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1992;20:393–413.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hamilton NA, Catley D, Karlson C. Sleep and the affective response to stress and pain. Health Psychol. 2007;26:288–95.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carr D, Friedman MA. Is obesity stigmatizing? Body weight, perceived discrimination, and psychological well-being in the United States. J Health Soc Behav. 2005;46:244–59.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Crocker J, Cornwell B, Major B. The stigma of overweight: affective consequences of attributional ambiguity. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993;64:60–70.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Friedman KE, Ashmore JA, Applegate KL. Recent experiences of weight-based stigmatization in a weight loss surgery population: psychological and behavioral correlates. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(Suppl 2):S69–74.
Article
Google Scholar
Pascoe EA, Smart RL. Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2009;135:531–54.
PubMed Central
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Verkuyten M. Perceived discrimination and self-esteem among ethnic minority adolescents. J Soc Psychol. 1998;138:479–93.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Major B, O’Brien LT. The social psychology of stigma. Annu Rev Psychol. 2005;56:393–421.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Puhl R, Brownell KD. Ways of coping with obesity stigma: review and conceptual analysis. Eat Behav. 2003;4:53–78.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Puhl R, Moss-Racusin C, Schwartz M. Internalization of weight bias: Implications for binge eating and emotional well-being. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15:19–23.
Article
Google Scholar
Puhl RM. Coping with weight stigma. In: Brownell KD, Puhl RM, Schwartz MB, Rudd L, eds. Weight bias: Nature, Consequences, and Remedies. New York: The Guilford Press; 2005.
Google Scholar
Phelan SM, Burgess DJ, Yeazel M, Hellerstedt W, Griffin J, van Ryn, M. The Impact of weight bias and stigma on quality of care and outcomes for obese patients. Obesity Reviews. 2015. In press.
Link BG, Phelan JC. Stigma and its public health implications. Lancet. 2006;367:528–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Myers AM, Rothblum ED. Coping with prejudice and discrimination based on weight. In: Chin JL, ed. The Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination: disability, Religion, Physique, and Other Traits, vol. 4. Westport: Praeger Publishers; 2005.
Google Scholar
Jost JT, Burgess DJ, Mosso C. Conflicts of Legitimation Among Self, Group, and System: The Integrative Potential of System Justification Theory. In: Jost JT, Major B, eds. The Psychology of Legitimacy: emerging Perspectives on Ideology, Justice, and Intergroup Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2001:363–88.
Google Scholar
Hilbert A, Braehler E, Haeuser W, Zenger M. Weight bias internalization, core self-evaluation, and health in overweight and obese persons. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014;22:79–85.
Article
Google Scholar
Pearl RL, White MA, Grilo CM. Weight bias internalization, depression, and self-reported health among overweight binge eating disorder patients. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;22:E142–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Phelan SM, Dovidio JF, Puhl RM, et al. Implicit and explicit weight bias in a national sample of 4,732 medical students: the medical student CHANGES study. Obesity. 2013;22:1201–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Brown I. Nurses’ attitudes towards adult patients who are obese: literature review. J Adv Nurs. 2006;53:221–32.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Budd GM, Mariotti M, Graff D, Falkenstein K. Health care professionals’ attitudes about obesity: an integrative review. Appl Nurs Res. 2009;24:127–37.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Puhl RM, Heuer CA. The stigma of obesity: a review and update. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17:941–64.
Article
Google Scholar
Schwartz MB, Chambliss HO, Brownell KD, Blair SN, Billington C. Weight bias among health professionals specializing in obesity. Obes Res. 2003;11:1033–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wear D, Aultman JM, Varley JD, Zarconi J. Making fun of patients: medical students’ perceptions and use of derogatory and cynical humor in clinical settings. Acad Med. 2006;81:454–62.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Puhl RM, Grilo C, Luedicke J. Obesity bias in training: attitudes, beliefs, and observations among advanced trainees in professional health disciplines. Obesity. 2013. doi:10.1002/oby.20637.
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Heatherton TF, Polivy J. Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self esteem. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991;60:895–910.
Article
Google Scholar
Ware J, Kosinski M, Turner-Bowker D, Gandek B. How to Score Version 2 of the SF-12 Health Survey. Lincoln: QualityMetric Inc.; 2005.
Google Scholar
Cella D, Riley W, Stone A, et al. The patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) developed and tested its first wave of adult self-reported health outcome item banks: 2005–2008. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63:1179–94.
PubMed Central
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pilkonis PA, Choi SW, Reise SP, Stover AM, Riley WT, Cella D. Item banks for measuring emotional distress from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS(R)): depression, anxiety, and anger. Assessment. 2011;18:263–83.
PubMed Central
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Garcia SF, Cella D, Clauser SB, et al. Standardizing patient-reported outcomes assessment in cancer clinical trials: a patient-reported outcomes measurement information system initiative. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:5106–12.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pearlin LI, Schooler C. The structure of coping. J Health Soc Behav. 1978;19:2–21.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sherbourne CD, Stewart AL. The MOS social support survey. Soc Sci Med. 1991;32:705–14.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hughes M, Waite L, Hawkley L, Cacioppo J. A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys: results from two population-based studies. Res Aging. 2004;26:655–72.
PubMed Central
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carver CS. You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long: consider the brief COPE. Int J Behav Med. 1997;4:92–100.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Crandall CS. Prejudice against fat people: ideology and self-interest. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1994;66:882–94.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Greenwald AG, McGhee DE, Schwartz JL. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998;74:1464–80.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Greenwald AG, Poehlman TA, Uhlmann EL, Banaji MR. Understanding and using the implicit association test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009;97:17–41.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Williams DR, Yan Y, Jackson JS, Anderson NB. Racial differences in physical and mental health: socio-economic status, stress and discrimination. J Health Psychol. 1997;2:335–51.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Crowne DP, Marlowe D. A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. J Consult Psychol. 1960;24:349–54.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
McManus IC, Winder BC, Gordon D. The causal links between stress and burnout in a longitudinal study of UK doctors. Lancet. 2002;359:2089–90.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Shanafelt TD. Medical student distress: causes, consequences, and proposed solutions. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80:1613–22.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thomas MR, Dyrbye LN, Huntington JL, et al. How do distress and well-being relate to medical student empathy? A multicenter study. J Gen Int Med. 2007;22:177–83.
Article
Google Scholar
Stewart SM, Lam TH, Betson CL, Wong CM, Wong AM. A prospective analysis of stress and academic performance in the first two years of medical school. Med Educ. 1999;33:243–50.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spiegel DA, Smolen RC, Hopfensperger KA. Medical student stress and clerkship performance. J Med Educ. 1986;61:929–31.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spiegel DA, Smolen RC, Jonas CK. An examination of the relationships among interpersonal stress, morale and academic performance in male and female medical students. Soc Sci Med. 1986;23:1157–61.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bramness JG, Fixdal TC, Vaglum P. Effect of medical school stress on the mental health of medical students in early and late clinical curriculum. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1991;84:340–5.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ball S, Bax A. Self-care in medical education: effectiveness of health-habits interventions for first-year medical students. Acad Med. 2002;77:911–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tyssen R, Vaglum P, Gronvold NT, Ekeberg O. Suicidal ideation among medical students and young physicians: a nationwide and prospective study of prevalence and predictors. J Affect Disord. 2001;64:69–79.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cacioppo JT, Hawkley LC, Crawford LE, et al. Loneliness and health: potential mechanisms. Psychosom Med. 2002;64:407–17.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cacioppo JT, Hughes ME, Waite LJ, Hawkley LC, Thisted RA. Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychol Aging. 2006;21:140–51.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hawkley LC, Thisted RA, Masi CM, Cacioppo JT. Loneliness predicts increased blood pressure: 5-year cross-lagged analyses in middle-aged and older adults. Psychol Aging. 2010;25:132–41.
PubMed Central
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Prins JT, Hoekstra-Weebers JE, Gazendam-Donofrio SM, et al. The role of social support in burnout among Dutch medical residents. Psychol Health Med. 2007;12:1–6.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Williams DR, Neighbors HW, Jackson JS. Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies. Am J Public Health. 2008;98:S29–37.
PubMed Central
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Agell G, Rothblum ED. Effects of clients’ obesity and gender on the therapy judgments of psychologists. Prof Psychol-Res Pr. 1991;22(3):223–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Sabin JA, Marini M, Nosek BA. Implicit and explicit anti-Fat bias among a large sample of medical doctors by BMI, race/ethnicity and gender. PloS one. 2012;7(11):e48448.
PubMed Central
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ip EH, Marshall S, Vitolins M, et al. Measuring medical student attitudes and beliefs regarding patients who are obese. Acad Med. 2013;88:282–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
O’Brien KS, Puhl RM, Latner JD, Mir AS, Hunter JA. Reducing anti-fat prejudice in preservice health students: a randomized trial. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010;18:2138–44.
Article
Google Scholar
Jost JT, Banaji MR, Nosek BA. A decade of system justification theory: accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the status quo. Political Psychology. 2004;25:881–919.
Article
Google Scholar