A review on sustainable management of biomass: physicochemical modification and its application for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants—challenges, opportunities, and future directions

Tan, Yan Ying; Abdul Raman, Abdul Aziz; Zainal Abidin, Mohd Izzudin Izzat; Buthiyappan, Archina

doi:10.1007/s11356-024-33375-x

A review on sustainable management of biomass: physicochemical modification and its application for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants—challenges, opportunities, and future directions

Review Article
Published: 15 May 2024

(2024)
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Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Yan Ying Tan¹,
Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-1903^1,2,
Mohd Izzudin Izzat Zainal Abidin^1,2 &
…
Archina Buthiyappan³

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Abstract

Adsorption is one of the most efficient methods for remediating industrial recalcitrant wastewater due to its simple design and low investment cost. However, the conventional adsorbents used in adsorption have several limitations, including high cost, low removal rates, secondary waste generation, and low regeneration ability. Hence, the focus of the research has shifted to developing alternative low-cost green adsorbents from renewable resources such as biomass. In this regard, the recent progress in the modification of biomass-derived adsorbents, which are rich in cellulosic content, through a variety of techniques, including chemical, physical, and thermal processes, has been critically reviewed in this paper. In addition, the practical applications of raw and modified biomass-based adsorbents for the treatment of industrial wastewater are discussed extensively. In a nutshell, the adsorption mechanism, particularly for real wastewater, and the effects of various modifications on biomass-based adsorbents have yet to be thoroughly studied, despite the extensive research efforts devoted to their innovation. Therefore, this review provides insight into future research needed in wastewater treatment utilizing biomass-based adsorbents, as well as the possibility of commercializing biomass-based adsorbents into viable products.

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Availability of data and materials

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Abbreviations

AB158:: Acid blue 158
AB25:: Acid blue 25
AB92:: Acid blue 92
AF:: Acid fuchsin
AO:: Acridine orange
AO7:: Acid orange II
AP:: Apple peel
AR14:: Acid red 14
ARG:: Acid red G
AV7:: Acid violet 7
AV17:: Acid violet 17
AY36:: Acid yellow 36
AY6:: Acid yellow 6
AY99:: Acid yellow 99
BB3:: Basic blue 3
BB41:: Basic blue 41
BET:: Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
BF:: Basic fuchsin
BG:: Brilliant green
BM:: Basic magenta
BP:: Banana peel
BPB:: Bromophenol blue
BR18:: Basic red 18
CB:: Cibacron blue
CBB:: Coomassie brilliant blue
CP:: Cucumber peel
CR:: Congo red
CS:: Cotton stalk
CV:: Crystal violet
DB CL-B:: Drimarine black CL-B
DB67:: Direct blue 67
DB86:: Direct blue 86
DO26:: Direct orange 26
DR:: Delonix regia Seed pod
DR12B:: Direct red 12B
DR31:: Direct red 31
DR81:: Direct red 81
DV51:: Direct violet 51
DY:: Direct yellow
EBT:: Eriochrome black T
EDO3GL:: Ever direct orange 3GL
FTIR:: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
IC:: Indigo carmine
IT FBL:: Indosol turquoise FBL
MAB:: Maxilon blue
MB:: Methylene blue
MG:: Malachite green
MGO:: Malachite green oxalate
MO:: Methyl orange
MR:: Methyl red
MV:: Methyl violet
NA:: Not available
NR:: Neutral red
OG:: Orange G
OP:: Orange peel
PCS:: Phosphoric acid-treated cotton stalk
pHpzc:: Point of zero charge
PP:: Potato peel
PR:: Phenol red
RB19:: Reactive blue 19
RB4:: Reactive blue 4
RB49:: Reactive blue 49
RB5:: Reactive black 5
RBO3R:: Remazol brilliant orange 3R
RhB:: Rhodamine B
RR:: Reactive red
RR RGB:: Reactive red RGB
RR120:: Reactive red 120
RR141:: Reactive red 141
RR2:: Reactive red 2
RR4:: Reactive red 4
RR45:: Reactive red 45
RY176:: Reactive yellow 176
RY42:: Reactive yellow 42
SAF:: Safranin
SB:: Sugarcane bagasse
SCS:: Sulfuric acid-treated cotton stalk
SO:: Safranin O
SY:: Sunset yellow
TB PG:: Turquoise blue PG
TZ:: Tartrazine

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The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for providing financial support through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) (FRGS/1/2022/TK08/UM/02/3) and Universiti Malaya through GPF (GPF084A-2018).

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Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Yan Ying Tan, Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman & Mohd Izzudin Izzat Zainal Abidin
Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman & Mohd Izzudin Izzat Zainal Abidin
Department of Science and Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Archina Buthiyappan

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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Yan Ying Tan: data curation, formal analysis, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing. Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman: writing—review and editing, resources, and supervision. Mohd Izzudin Izzat Zainal Abidin: writing—review and editing, funding acquisition, and supervision. Archina Buthiyappan: writing—review and editing, funding acquisition, and supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Tan, Y.Y., Abdul Raman, A.A., Zainal Abidin, M.I.I. et al. A review on sustainable management of biomass: physicochemical modification and its application for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants—challenges, opportunities, and future directions. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33375-x

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Received: 28 August 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33375-x

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A review on sustainable management of biomass: physicochemical modification and its application for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants—challenges, opportunities, and future directions

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A review on sustainable management of biomass: physicochemical modification and its application for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants—challenges, opportunities, and future directions

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