Abstract
Heavy metals, organic matter, microplastics, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals cause severe pollution. Commercially available adsorbents can successfully adsorb them. Granular activated carbon (AC) is also an effective adsorbent with capacity to adsorb a large number of pollutants. However, the raw materials used for AC production are expensive and non-renewable. Various biomass materials like bagasse, rice straw, wheat straw, banana peel, tea, and coffee waste have been investigated in literature to remove dyes like methylene blue and metals like lead and cadmium. However, identifying suitable technology for the large-scale production of activated carbon with sufficiently high surface area and specificity for pollutant adsorption is the critical challenge. The present chapter provides an insight into various biomass materials investigated to produce activated carbon. The influence of the production method on the properties of AC and the size of particles, i.e., granulated, powdered, and nano-scale, are discussed. The utilization of activated carbon as nano-composites, membranes, electrodes, flocculants, and packed bed materials is elaborated. Research studies on the efficiency of biomass-based activated carbon for water treatment are presented herein. Valorization of biomass is a paramount opportunity to reduce waste and pollution to incorporate the sustainable development principle in today’s society.
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Kaur, P.J., Khandegar, V., Singh, S. (2023). Trends and Scope of Utilization of Biochar in Wastewater Treatment. In: Pathak, P.D., Mandavgane, S.A. (eds) Biorefinery: A Sustainable Approach for the Production of Biomaterials, Biochemicals and Biofuels. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7481-6_9
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