Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of environmental contamination caused by pasture intensification and pasture-sugarcane conversion on oxidative stress, biotransformation, esterase enzymes, and development of Scinax fuscovarious and Physalaemus nattereri. Tadpoles were exposed in mesocosms allocated in three treatments: (1) untreated extensive pasture (EP); (2) intensive-pasture conversion (IP) (2,4-D herbicide + fertilizers); and (3) pasture-sugarcane conversion (SC) (fipronil + 2,4-D + fertilizers). After 7 days of exposure, IP reduced catalase (CAT) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in P. nattereri, while this treatment decreased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and CAT activities in S. fuscovarious. SC decreased CAT, G6PDH, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in P. nattereri. In S. fuscovarius, SC reduced G6PDH, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and carboxylesterase (CbE) activities. MDA was raised in both tadpole species exposed to SC, evidencing oxidative stress. Integrated biomarker responses showed higher scores in both species exposed to SC. Our results warn that management practices currently applied to sugarcane cultivation in Brazil can negatively impact the functional responses of amphibians at natural systems.
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Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge Dra. Eny Maria Vieira from the Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry and Ecotoxicology at the Chemistry Institute of São Carlos, at USP/São Carlos, and Dra. Marisa Narciso Fernandes from the Zoophysiology and Comparative Biochemistry Laboratory at the Federal University of São Carlos—Ufscar, for allow the use of equipment. We also acknowledge Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto and Daína de Lima for the assistance on statistical data analysis, and Edmar Mazzi for the picture from the experimental area.
Funding
This study was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, Brazil, grant no. 2015/18790–3). L.G. has a master fellowship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil) (grant no. 88882.378995/2019–01). I.B.F.F., M.P.C.Y., and B.V.G have a Ph.D. scholarship from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil) and CAPES. J.S.F had a post-doctoral scholarship from FAPESP.
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L.G., J.S.F., L.S., C.C.M., and E.L.G.E.: conceived the project; I.B.F.F., M.P.Y.; L.S., E.L.G.E., and J.S.F.: implemented the experimental field; L.G., I.B.F.F., M.P.Y., E.L.G.E., J.S.F.: collected research material; L.G. and J.S.F.: performed biochemical analysis; B.V.G. and C.C.M.: performed chemical analysis; L.G. and J.S.F.: performed statistical analysis; L.G. and J.S.F.: wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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All tadpoles were collected under the permit issued by the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Natural Resources Renewables (IBAMA) n.17559–10 and procedures were performed according to the Animal Research Ethics Committee of the São Carlos Engineering School of the University of São Paulo (no. 01/2018).
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Girotto, L., Freitas, I.B.F., Yoshii, M.P.C. et al. Using mesocosms to evaluate the impacts of pasture intensification and pasture-sugarcane conversion on tadpoles in Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 21010–21024 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23691-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23691-5