Abstract
Fipronil is a broad-use insecticide with severe toxicity to fish. Biomarkers responses and bioaccumulation were evaluated on Prochilodus lineatus after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of fipronil (0.5 μg L−1, 9 μg L−1, and 100 μg L−1) in a prolonged flow-through assay and ex vivo gills short-term exposition. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), oxidatively modified proteins (PO), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the content of reduced glutathione (GSH), antioxidant capacity against peroxyles (ACAP), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were evaluated. Besides, levels of fipronil and metabolites were analyzed by GC-ECD. At the end of the flow-through assay, fipronil, Fp. sulfone and Fp. desulfinyl were detected in fish, being liver the target organ. Fipronil prolonged exposition promoted oxidative damage in lipids and proteins, alterations in the defense system and low-antioxidant capacity in organs of P. lineatus. The brain AChE activity was affected after prolonged exposition. Ex vivo gills exposition to fipronil promoted changes in antioxidant capacity and damage to lipids, providing a fast and suitable test to assess the pesticide exposure in fish. The results revealed that fipronil at environmental concentrations would be an inducer of oxidative stress in this fish, becoming a vulnerable species to the effects of fipronil in aquatic environments.
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All sampling was performed under permission and complies with the current national legislation. This work is part of the PhD thesis of A. Santillán Deiú.
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This study was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET (PIP N° 0596/2014–2016, F. De la Torre), by Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, ANPCyT (PICT 2015–2160, K. Miglioranza) and the Departamento de Ciencias Básicas e INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Luján.
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Conceptualization and supervision: de la Torre F, Miglioranza K.S.B.; writing—original draft, investigation and formal analysis: Santillán Deiú A.; funding acquisition and resources: de la Torre F. Miglioranza K.S.B.; analytical analysis and methodology: Santillán Deiú A., Ondarza P., Miglioranza K.S:B.; writing—review: de la Torre F, Miglioranza K.S.B., Ondarza P.
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Santillán Deiú, A., Miglioranza, K.S.B., Ondarza, P.M. et al. Exposure to environmental concentrations of fipronil induces biochemical changes on a neotropical freshwater fish. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 43872–43884 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13786-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13786-w