Abstract
Due to the vulnerability and exposure of agriculture, farmers’ adaptive strategies to climate change are important to food security and sustainable environment development. However, a systematic review is still absent, though there are many studies about farmers’ adaptations to climate change, and few studies discuss their potential impacts on climate change. This article analyses farmers’ adaptation strategies and their heterogeneities across regions in China via a systemic literature review. Then we also discuss possible driving factors of these adaptations and their potential impacts on greenhouse gas emissions. We follow the updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines to identify and screen publications. A total of 448 relevant records were identified from the Web of Science, Elsevier ScienceDirect, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). We include peer-reviewed publications focusing on farmers engaged in crop farming in China, with survey data and specific adoption ratio analysis of adaptations to climate change. After screening, 27 articles were finally analysed. Our results show that crop variety management, rescheduling farming, increasing production inputs, increasing irrigation, and crop structure management are prevalent strategies reported in the existing literature. However, sustainable adaptations such as improving farmland’s ecological environment and agronomic water-saving irrigation gain less attention. Besides, farmers in northern China adapt to climate change more actively compared to their counterparts in southern China. Moreover, some adaptations with high adoption ratios, such as increased chemical inputs, might increase greenhouse gas emissions and accelerate climate change. Our findings have important implications for food security and sustainable agricultural development.
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Notes
Generally, the main grain-producing areas include 13 provinces, specifically Henan, Hebei, Anhui, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Shandong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Sichuan provinces, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Normally, Qinling-Huaihe Line is regarded as the dividing line between northern and southern China. In this study, northern areas include Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Beijing, Tianjin and Heilongjiang provinces (municipalities), and Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regions; southern areas cover Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Hainan provinces (municipalities), and Hongkong, Macao, and Taiwan. More details could be found in the form of an online map (mnr.gov.cn).
The data is from the government’s report mem.gov.cn.
Abbreviations
- ANF:
-
Adopting new farming technology
- AT:
-
Adjusting tillage
- AWM:
-
Agriculture water management
- BFI:
-
Building farmland infrastructure
- CNKI:
-
China National Knowledge Infrastructure
- CRM:
-
Crop management
- CSM:
-
Crop structure management
- CUM:
-
Cultivation management
- CVM:
-
Crop variety management
- DWM:
-
Domestic water management
- EMR:
-
Extending, maintaining, or reserving water supplies
- FA:
-
Financial adaptation
- FAG:
-
Facility agriculture
- FM:
-
Farm management
- GHG:
-
Greenhouse gas
- IFEE:
-
Improving farmland ecological environment
- II:
-
Increasing irrigation
- III:
-
Investing in irrigation infrastructure
- IM:
-
Increasing mulch
- IPI:
-
Increasing production inputs
- IRM:
-
Income and residence management
- PRISMA:
-
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
- RF:
-
Rescheduling farming
- RPA:
-
Reducing planting areas
- SM:
-
Soil management
- WSI:
-
Water-saving irrigation
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The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 71873067), the China–Europe Efficient Water Management Research Platform (no. 2017YFE0118100), “A project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)”, and the Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (no. KYCX20_0611).
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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Ideas, research goals, and aims were formulated by Funing Zhong and Dingqiang Sun. Identifying related literature and screening records according to several rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were performed by Jiao Chen and Dingqiang Sun. Data analysis and the first of the manuscript were written by Jiao Chen. Writing—reviewing and editing were finished by Dingqiang Sun, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Chen, J., Zhong, F. & Sun, D. Lessons from farmers’ adaptive practices to climate change in China: a systematic literature review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 81183–81197 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23449-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23449-z