Abstract
Over several decades, arsenic (As) toxicity in the biosphere has affected different flora, fauna, and other environmental components. The majority of these problems are linked with As mobilization due to bacterial dissolution of As-bearing minerals and its transformation in other reservoirs such as soil, sediments, and ground water. Understanding the process, mechanism, and various bacterial species involved in these processes under the influence of some ecological variables greatly contributes to a better understanding of the fate and implications of As mobilization into the environments. This article summarizes the process, role, and various types of bacterial species involved in the transformation and mobilization of As. Furthermore, insight into how Fe(II) oxidation and resistance mechanisms such as methylation and detoxification against the toxic effect of As(III) was highlighted as a potential immobilization and remediation strategy in As-contaminated sites. Furthermore, the significance and comparative advantages of some useful analytical tools used in the evaluation, speciation, and analysis of As are discussed and how their in situ and ex situ applications support assessing As contamination in both laboratory and field settings. Nevertheless, additional research involving advanced molecular techniques is required to elaborate on the contribution of these bacterial consortia as a potential agronomic tool for reducing As availability, particularly in natural circumstances.
Graphical abstract
Graphical abstract. Courtesy of conceptual model: Aminu Darma
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Funding
The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877033), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0800305) and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (2018–2021).
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This collaboration work was carried out among all the authors. J. Y. provided the idea and outline for the article. A.D. performed the literature review and gathered the required information. A. D. and P. Z. drafted the work. A. D., P. Z., E. B., K. M., and J. Y. edited, modified, and thoroughly revised the content. P. Z., A. D., K. M., E. B., and J. Y. reviewed and improved the work before submission. All authors read, corrected, and approved the final submitted version of the manuscript.
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Highlights
• Environmental factors significantly facilitate the mobilization and transformation of arsenic.
• Dissimilatory arsenic and iron-reducing bacteria promote the mobilization of As(V) and Fe(II), respectively.
• Some mechanism of arsenic resistance by bacteria is capable of contributing to the As immobilization and detoxification from the environment.
• Analytical techniques significantly assist in the understating of arsenic transformation and mobilization.
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Darma, A., Yang, J., Bloem, E. et al. Arsenic biotransformation and mobilization: the role of bacterial strains and other environmental variables. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 1763–1787 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17117-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17117-x