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Neuroimmune disruptions from naturally occurring levels of mycotoxins

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Abstract

Substantial pieces of evidence support the potential of exogenous toxins in disrupting neuroimmune homeostasis. It appears that mycotoxins are one of the noticeable sources of naturally occurring substances dysregulating the immune system, which involves the physiology of many organs, such as the central nervous system (CNS). The induction of inflammatory responses in microglial cells and astrocytes, the CNS resident cells with immunological characteristics, could interrupt the hemostasis upon even with low-level exposure to mycotoxins. The inevitable widespread occurrence of a low level of mycotoxins in foods and feed is likely increasing worldwide, predisposing individuals to potential neuroimmunological dysregulations. This paper reviews the current understanding of mycotoxins’ neuro-immunotoxic features under low-dose exposure and the possible ways for detoxification and clearance as a perspective.

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AMM has been supported by the Italian Ministry of Health Ricerca Corrente - IRCCS MultiMedica. The works cited here from Prof. Mehrzad have been funded by grants from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, University of Tehran, and the Iran’s National Elites Foundation.

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Sara Shahba & Jalil Mehrzad

  2. Science and Technology Pole, IRCCS Multimedica, Via Gaudenzio Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy

    Amir Mohammad Malvandi

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Shahba, S., Mehrzad, J. & Malvandi, A.M. Neuroimmune disruptions from naturally occurring levels of mycotoxins. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 32156–32176 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14146-4

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