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WEEE closed-loop supply chain network management considering the damage levels of returned products

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A Correction to this article was published on 04 December 2020

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Abstract

Due to economic, social, and environmental concerns, managing waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has become an important research area. The WEEE directive gives responsibility to producers for developing a system for recycling and disposal activities and handle all associated costs. This study proposes a mixed integer programming model for decision-makers to manage their activities on the WEEE closed-loop supply chain network. A decision-maker may be a single producer of any size or a managing body formed by a group of producers and/or third-party companies in the network. The model contributes to the research field by integrating product returns with different quality and damage levels. A set of scenarios was designed to evaluate the effects of the directive and the network design related issues (e.g., the minimum collection rates, the number of producers and stores in the network) on the objective function. The results indicate that the capacity balance among stores, producers, and recovery centers is vital to make the network profitable and sustainable.

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  • 04 December 2020

    A Correction to this paper has been published: <ExternalRef><RefSource>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11851-4</RefSource><RefTarget Address="10.1007/s11356-020-11851-4" TargetType="DOI"/></ExternalRef>

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering, Pamukkale University, 20160, Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey

    Leyla Ozgur Polat & Askiner Gungor

Authors
  1. Leyla Ozgur Polat
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  2. Askiner Gungor
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Correspondence to Askiner Gungor.

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The original article was revised: In the pdf version, the equations in pages 5 and 6 contain additional data.

Appendix

Appendix

Table 4 presents unit selling prices of refurbished and new products, unit inspection costs, weights of products, the minimum recovery rates, the minimum collection quantities, unit production costs, production capacities, the minimum production amounts, transportation costs of products according to different transporter alternatives and revenue coefficients of satisfying disassembly and refurbishment requirements for product i, respectively. The weight percentages of products are taken from Polat et al. (2018). Table 5 contains data for purchasing costs of collected products from stores and probabilities of the various types of damage conditions of the collected products and unit refurbishing costs and productivity rates for each recovery centers.

Table 4 Data related to product i
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Table 5 Data related to collected products according to damage condition j
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Table 6 presents the demand amounts for new and refurbished products and capacities of stores for collected products.

Table 6 Data related to stores
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Table 7 shows disassembly costs, the minimum disassembly amounts and disassembly capacities of recovery center r for collected product i, and on hand amount and buying prices of product i in collection center k.

Table 7 Data related to recovery centers and collection centers
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The marginal revenues, unit selling prices, demands, transportation costs, revenue coefficients, and CO2 emission penalty coefficients of transportation according to usable part/component u are presented in Table 8.

Table 8 Data related to usable parts/components
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Table 9 shows transportation capacities of transporters and related CO2 emission penalty coefficients for new or refurbished product i.

Table 9 Data related to transporters
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Table 10 presents unit storage costs, storage capacities and distances according to distribution center d, the distances according to recovery center r and the data for disposal costs, and transportation costs and CO2 emission penalty imposed by the transportation of harmful material h.

Table 10 Data related to distribution centers, recovery centers and harmful materials
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Table 11 contains weight percentages of usable part/component f and harmful materials h for collected product i. Weight percentages of collected products for the first type of damage condition are also obtained from Polat et al. (2018).

Table 11 Data related to f and h according to product i
Full size table

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Ozgur Polat, L., Gungor, A. WEEE closed-loop supply chain network management considering the damage levels of returned products. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 7786–7804 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10249-6

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