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Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Root Growth Inhibition in Soybean Due to Physical Damages

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Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are the most widely released nanomaterials in the environment and are considered an emerging contaminant. Although the phytotoxicity mechanism of TiO2 NPs on plants involves the elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), it is still not well established in soybean. Herein, we evaluated the effects of 250–1000 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs on seed germination, growth, content of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and activity of antioxidant enzymes in roots of soybean plants. Our data revealed that up to 1000 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs did not affect soybean seed germination. Transmission electron microscopy images and determinations of zeta potential and hydrodynamic diameter of a suspension of TiO2 NPs demonstrated that they form aggregates, favoring their adsorption to the root surface with consequent physical damage. The main deleterious effects noted on roots were reduced cell viability, reduced root hair number, striated aspect of root apexes, and reduced fresh and dry weights of roots. In disagreement with other studies, plant exposure to TiO2 NPs reduced the level of total ROS and lipid peroxidation, probably due to increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Altogether, our data suggest that the toxicity mechanism of TiO2 NPs on soybean roots involves physical damage resulting from their adsorption to the root surface, but not the generation of ROS.

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Acknowledgments

Rogério Marchiosi and Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho are research fellows of National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Gabriele Sauthier Romano de Melo was the recipient of a CNPq fellowship. The authors thank César Armando Contreras Lancheros by the aid provided in the microscopy analyzes.

Funding

This work was funded by grants from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq (no. 407791/2018-3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil

    Gabriele Sauthier Romano de Melo, Renato Polimeni Constantin, Josielle Abrahão, Marcela de Paiva Foletto-Felipe, Rodrigo Polimeni Constantin, Wanderley Dantas dos Santos, Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho & Rogério Marchiosi

  2. Federal Technological University of Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, PR, 85660-000, Brazil

    Marcela de Paiva Foletto-Felipe

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  1. Gabriele Sauthier Romano de Melo
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Contributions

Rogério Marchiosi and Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho designed the study, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript text. Gabriele Sauthier Romano de Melo performed most experiments. Marcela de Paiva Foletto-Felipe helped in microscopy analysis. Renato Polimeni Constantin and Josielle Abrahão helped in the determination of enzyme activity and quantification of ROS. Wanderley Dantas dos Santos and Rodrigo Polimeni Constantin helped design the study and analyzed the data. All authors revised and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rogério Marchiosi.

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de Melo, G.S.R., Constantin, R.P., Abrahão, J. et al. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Root Growth Inhibition in Soybean Due to Physical Damages. Water Air Soil Pollut 232, 25 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04955-7

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