Abstract
Black Zira (Bunium persicum L.) is an important and endangered endemic medicinal plant in Iran. This research was carried out to investigate an effective breaking seed dormancy treatment and to develop some efficient protocols for callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, and artificial seed production. To this end, the seeds were first treated utilizing ultrasonic waves at different time intervals (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 min). Then, to obtain indirect somatic embryos two experiments were designed with IBA (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/l) and a combination of different levels of 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, and 4 mg/l) and BAP (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/l). Finally, artificial seed was prepared utilizing sodium alginate. The results showed that the 7-min ultrasonic waves carried the maximum effect on germination (81.87%), while 9-min exposure time had the minimum effect on it (2.5%). Also, in the IBA experiment the highest percentages of callogenesis, callus weight, and adventitious root were obtained from MS medium containing 4 mg/l IBA and the maximum embryogenesis percentage was obtained by 1 mg/l IBA. In the 2,4-D and BAP experiment, the highest percentages of callus formation and callus weight were achieved in 1 mg/l BAP + 4 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/l BAP + 4 mg/l 2,4-D, and 2 mg/l 2,4-D media and the maximum embryogenesis percentage was achieved by 0.5 mg/l BAP + 1 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/l BAP + 2 mg/l 2,4-D, and 1 mg/l 2,4-D media. The highest germination rate (77.77%) was obtained from encapsulated embryos with the utilization of 3% sodium alginate and 100 mM CaCl2.
Key message
A protocol with the improved results has been developed for indirect somatic embryogenesis and artificial seed production in B. persicum using hypocotyl explants.
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Data availability
Data available by e-mail on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- IBA:
-
Indole-3-butyric acetic acid
- BAP:
-
6-Benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA:
-
1-Naphthaleneacetic acid
- Kin:
-
Kinetin
- PGRs:
-
Plant growth regulators
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BO and SP conceived and conceptualized the manuscript; BO and MM wrote and prepared the original draft. BO and MM conducted the experiments. MM and RA analyzed data. BO and MM contributed to reviewing and critically revising the manuscript. RA and SP visualized and carefully supervised the work and the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Communicated by Ming-Tsair Chan.
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Ouzhand, B., Mohayeji, M., Pourseyedi, S. et al. Dormancy breaking, indirect somatic embryogenesis, and encapsulation of somatic embryos in Black Zira. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 155, 197–208 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02571-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02571-x